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Cardiovascular Research Advance Access first published online on June 24, 2009
This version [Corrected Proof] published online on July 9, 2009
Cardiovascular Research, doi:10.1093/cvr/cvp209
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Published on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved. © The Author 2009. For permissions please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org.

Cardiovascular molecular imaging: an overview

Antti Saraste, Stephan G. Nekolla and Markus Schwaiger*

Nuklearmedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Ismaningerstr. 22 81675, München, Germany

* Corresponding author. Tel: +49 89 4140 2968; fax: +49 89 4140 4841.E-mail address: markus.schwaiger{at}tum.de

Molecular imaging is non-invasive visualization and measurement of biological processes at the molecular and cellular level within a living organism. This review provides a description of the various molecular imaging techniques for imaging cardiovascular targets and their potential clinical implications. Molecular imaging has relied mainly on nuclear imaging, but advances in nanoparticle probe development have made magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound as emerging, radiation-free alternatives. Targeted imaging of vascular inflammation or thrombosis may allow improved risk assessment of atherosclerosis by detecting plaques at high risk of acute complications. Imaging probes detecting myocardial apoptosis, metabolic alterations, injury to extracellular matrix, angiogenesis, or innervation may provide tools for assessing risk of arrhythmias and left ventricular remodelling associated with progressive cardiac dysfunction and heart failure. Although clinical experience remains limited, careful evaluation of safety as well as validation of diagnostic and prognostic value of these techniques in clinical trials is still needed.

KEYWORDS Molecular imaging; Atherosclerosis; PET; Heart failure; MRI

Time for primary review: 41 days


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