Cardiovascular Research Advance Access [Accepted Manuscript] published online on November 17, 2008
Cardiovascular Research, doi:10.1093/cvr/cvn310
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Fish Oil, But Not Flaxseed Oil, Decreases Inflammation and Prevents Pressure Overload-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction
1 Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, and University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
2 Department of Surgery, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
3 Department of Nutrition and Case Western Reserve University; Cleveland, OH
4 Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University; Cleveland, OH
5 Sanford Research/USD, Sioux Falls, SD
6 Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and the Henry Ford Heart and Vascular Institute, Detroit, MI
Correspondence: William C. Stanley, Ph.D. Professor Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine University of Maryland-Baltimore 20 Penn Street, HSF2, Room S022 Baltimore, MD 21201 Phone: 410-706-3585 Fax: 410-706-3586 Email: wstanley{at}medicine.umaryland.edu
AIMS: Clinical studies suggest that intake of 
-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (-3PUFA) may lower the incidence of heart failure. Dietary supplementation with -3 PUFA exerts metabolic and anti-inflammatory effects that could prevent left ventricle (LV) pathology, however it is unclear if these effects occur at clinically relevant doses, and if there are differences between -3PUFA from fish (eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)), and vegetable sources (
–linolenic acid (ALA)).
METHODS: We assessed the development of LV remodeling and pathology in rats subjected to aortic banding treated with -3PUFA over a dose range that spanned the intake of humans taking -3PUFA supplements. Rats were fed a standard chow or diets supplemented with EPA+DHA or ALA at 0.7%, 2.3% or 7% of energy intake.
RESULTS: Without supplementation aortic banding increased LV mass and end systolic and diastolic volumes. ALA supplementation had little effect on LV remodeling and dysfunction. In contrast, EPA+DHA dose-dependently increased EPA and DHA, and decreased arachidonic acid in cardiac membrane phospholipids, and prevented the increase in LV end diastolic and systolic volumes. EPA+DHA resulted in a dose-dependent increase in the anti-inflammatory adipokine adiponectin, and there was a strong correlation between prevention of LV chamber enlargement and plasma levels of adiponectin (r=-0.78). Supplementation with EPA+DHA had anti-aggregatory and anti-inflammatory effects as evidenced by decreases in urinary thromboxane B2 and serum TNF.
CONCLUSION: Dietary supplementation with -3PUFA derived from fish, but not from vegetable sources, increased plasma adiponectin, suppressed inflammation and prevented cardiac remodeling and dysfunction under pressure overload conditions.
KEYWORDS –linolenic acid; diet; docosahexaenoic acid; eicosapentaenoic acid; heart failure
Time for primary review: 22 Days
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