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Cardiovascular Research Advance Access [Accepted Manuscript] published online on March 18, 2008
Cardiovascular Research, doi:10.1093/cvr/cvn081
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Published on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved. © The Author 2008. For permissions please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Vascular Repair by Endothelial Progenitor Cells

Anna Zampetaki, John Paul Kirton and Qingbo Xu

Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London, UK

Correspondence to: Professor Qingbo Xu, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, 125 Cold harbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK Tel.: +44 20 7848 5322 Fax: +44 20 7848 5296 e-mail: qingbo.xu{at}kcl.ac.uk

Accumulating evidence indicates the impact of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in vascular repair. In patients, the number of EPCs is negatively correlated with the severity of atherosclerosis. In various animal models, transplantation of bone marrow derived progenitor cells could sufficiently rescue organ function and enhance vascular repair and tissue regeneration. Increase in the number of circulating progenitors, induced by cell transfusion or enhanced mobilization, can also enhance restoration and integrity of the endothelial lining, suppress neointimal formation and increase blood flow to the ischemic sites. However, the beneficial outcome of EPC infusion very much depends on the growth and differentiation factors within the tissue, cell to cell interactions and the degree of injury. As highlighted by several studies, EPCs derive from different sources including bone marrow and non-bone marrow organs such as the spleen, the functional repair properties of which may vary with the maturation state of the cell. Thus, understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in EPC repairing process is essential. In the present review we will focus on the role of EPCs in vascular diseases and we will provide an update on the mechanisms of EPC mobilization, homing and differentiation.

KEYWORDS Endothelial progenitor cells; vascular diseases; atherosclerosis; vascular repair

Time for primary review: 21 days


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