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Cardiovascular Research Advance Access [Accepted Manuscript] published online on March 14, 2008
Cardiovascular Research, doi:10.1093/cvr/cvn074
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Published on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved. © The Author 2008. For permissions please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Role of Diet and Fuel Overabundance in the Development and Progression of Heart Failure

David J. Chess1,2 and William C. Stanley1,2,

1 Department of Physiology and Biophysics School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
2 Division of Cardiology,Department of Medicine University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD

Address for correspondence: William C. Stanley, Ph.D. Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine University of Maryland-Baltimore 20 Penn St., HSF-II, Room S022 Baltimore, MD 21201, USA 410-706-3585 (Phone) 410-706-3583 (Fax) e-mail: wstanley{at}medicine.umaryland.edu

Under physiological conditions, the human heart derives energy from glucose, fatty acids and/or lactate depending upon substrate availability, circulating hormone levels, and nutritional status. Circulating free fatty acid and glucose levels often exceed the normal range, as observed with type 2 diabetes, obesity, or physical inactivity. Chronic exposure of the heart to high plasma levels of free fatty acids may cause accumulation of toxic lipid intermediates within cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, suppression of glucose oxidation by increased fatty acid uptake shunts glucose into the oxidative pentose phosphate and hexosamine biosynthetic pathways, both of which yield potentially harmful products. Noxious derivatives of aberrant glucose and fatty acid oxidation can activate signaling cascades leading to myocyte dysfunction or death, processes termed "glucotoxicity" and "lipotoxicity". This review discusses the effects of dietary extremes (e.g., high fat and high carbohydrate consumption) and substrate overabundance in the context of heart failure development and progression. Emerging data suggest that substrate excess leads to cardiac dysfunction and heart failure, which may be prevented or slowed by maintaining low body fat and high insulin sensitivity and consuming a diet of low glycemic load that is high in mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids.

KEYWORDS Diet; Glucotoxicity; Heart; Lipotoxicity

Time for primary review: 24


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