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Cardiovascular Research Advance Access first published online on February 26, 2008
This version [Accepted Manuscript] published online on February 28, 2008
Cardiovascular Research, doi:10.1093/cvr/cvn054
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Published on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved. © The Author 2008. For permissions please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Diurnal Variations in Myocardial Metabolism

Molly S. Bray and Martin E. Young1

USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Houston, Texas, USA

1 Address correspondence to: Martin E. Young, D.Phil. USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, 1100 Bates Street, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA Phone: 713-798-7567 Fax: 713-798-7101 Email: meyoung{at}bcm.edu

The heart is challenged by a plethora of extracellular stimuli over the course of a normal day, each of which distinctly influence myocardial contractile function. It is therefore not surprising that myocardial metabolism also oscillates in a time-of-day dependent manner. What is becoming increasingly apparent is that the heart exhibits diurnal variations in its intrinsic properties, including responsiveness to extracellular stimuli. This article summarizes our current knowledge regarding the mechanism(s) mediating diurnal variations in myocardial metabolism. Particular attention is focused towards the intramyocardial circadian clock, a cell autonomous molecular mechanism that appears to regulate myocardial metabolism both directly (e.g. triglyceride and glycogen metabolism) and indirectly (through modulation of the responsiveness of the myocardium to workload, insulin, and fatty acids). In doing so, the circadian clock within the cardiomyocyte allows the heart to anticipate environmental stimuli (such as changes in workload, feeding status) prior to their onset. This synchronization between the myocardium and its environment is enhanced by regular feeding schedules. Conversely, loss of synchronization may occur through disruption of the circadian clock and/or diurnal variations in neurohumoral factors (as observed during diabetes mellitus). Here, we discuss the possibility that loss of synchronization between the heart and its environment predisposes the heart to metabolic maladaptation and subsequent myocardial contractile dysfunction.

KEYWORDS Chronobiology; Circadian Clock; Fatty Acids; Glucose; Heart

Time for primary review: 21


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