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Cardiovascular Research Advance Access [Accepted Manuscript] published online on December 4, 2007
Cardiovascular Research, doi:10.1093/cvr/cvm086
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Non-canonical fibroblast growth factor signaling in angiogenesis

Masahiro Murakami, Arye Elfenbein and Michael Simons

From the Angiogenesis Research Center and Section of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, NH 03756

Address correspondence to: Masahiro Murakami, MD, PhD Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology Dartmouth Medical School Lebanon, NH 03756 Phone: 603 650 2631 e-mail: masahiro.murakami{at}dartmouth.edu

Whereas fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) classically transmit their signals via high-affinity tyrosine kinase receptors (FGFR1-4), recent evidence strongly implicates non-tyrosine kinase receptors (NTKR) or cell-surface FGFR-interacting proteins as important players in FGF signaling. While NTKR have lower affinity for FGFs in comparison to cognate tyrosine kinase receptors, because of their high abundance they can effectively bind FGFs and produce unique biological effects independent of FGFRs. A prime example of such NTKR is the syndecan family of plasma membrane proteoglycans and, in particular, syndecan-4, which transmits FGF signaling via a protein kinase C {alpha} pathway. Another NTKR, {alpha}vβ3 integrin, functions as an FGF signaling modulator by binding both FGF2 and FGFR1. Yet another NTKR, neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), can serve as an FGFR ligand and assemble an FGFR signaling complex in the absence of FGFs. Furthermore, N-cadherin, which has been reported to associate with FGFR, appears to activate FGFR in both ligand (FGF)-dependent and ligand-independent manners. Finally, gangliosides are implicated as a co-receptor system of FGFs.

The biological consequence of non-canonical FGF signaling tends to be less discernable compared to the canonical FGFR activation because of the overlap between these two pathways; nevertheless, non-canonical signaling is important and sometimes essential for cellular functions. Given the diversity of FGF activities through embryonic development to adult physiology, the existence of the non-canonical signaling system may account for the different cellular response to the FGF input in different biological contexts. In this review, we will discuss recent findings related to non-canonical FGF signaling with emphasis on the endothelial biology and angiogenesis.

Time for primary review: 25


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