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Cardiovascular Research Advance Access originally published online on May 21, 2009
Cardiovascular Research 2009 83(4):778-784; doi:10.1093/cvr/cvp163
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Published on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved. © The Author 2009. For permissions please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org.

Regulation of protease-activated receptor-1 by vasodilatory prostaglandins via NFAT

Anke C. Rosenkranz, Bernhard H. Rauch, Kerstin Freidel and Karsten Schrör*

Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany

* Corresponding author. Tel: +49 211 81 12500; Fax: +49 211 81 14781. E-mail address: karsten.schroer{at}uni-duesseldorf.de

Aims: We recently reported that prostacyclin suppresses protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) in human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) via cyclic AMP and protein kinase A. This study examines the downstream mechanisms, particularly the role of nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT).

Methods and results: Human saphenous vein VSMC were exposed to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) to induce endogenous cyclooxygenase-2-dependent prostaglandin generation. This was found to attenuate PAR-1 expression; similar suppression was seen with the EP2-prostaglandin receptor agonist butaprost. Stimulation of the ‘exchange protein directly activated by cyclic AMP’ (EPAC) was without effect. The NFAT inhibitor cyclosporin A (CsA) or NFAT2 siRNA both reduced PAR-1 mRNA and protein expression and prevented the stimulatory effects of thrombin or PAR-1 activating peptide (TFLLRN) on ERK1/2 phosphorylation and interleukin-6 expression. CsA or mutation of the NFAT binding motif in the PAR-1 promoter also blunted PAR-1 promoter activity (luciferase reporter assay). These inhibitory actions of CsA were comparable to those of the prostacyclin-mimetic iloprost, and both CsA and iloprost similarly attenuated nuclear NFAT2 localization and binding to the PAR-1 promoter (chromatin immunoprecipitation assay).

Conclusions: This study provides the first evidence that NFAT2 contributes to the transcriptional control of PAR-1 in human VSMC and that PKA-dependent NFAT2 inhibition represents a mechanism by which vasodilatory prostaglandins regulate the vascular actions of thrombin.

KEYWORDS Prostaglandins; Vascular smooth muscle; Thrombin receptors; Nuclear factor of activated T-cells; Cyclosporine

Time for primary review: 27 days


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