Copyright © 2007, European Society of Cardiology
Exercise training restores aerobic capacity and energy transfer systems in heart failure treated with losartan
aDepartment of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
bInstitute of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
cDepartment of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
dINSERM, U769, Châtenay-Malabry, F-92296, France
eUniversité Paris-Sud, UMR-S0769, IFR 141, Châtenay-Malabry, F-92296, France
fDepartment of Cardiology, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
*Corresponding author. Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Olav Kyrresgate 9, NO-7489, Trondheim, Norway. Tel.: +47 73598822; fax: +47 73598613. oyvind.ellingsen{at}ntnu.no
Objective Clinical and experimental studies demonstrate that exercise training improves aerobic capacity and cardiac function in heart failure, even in patients on optimal treatment with angiotensin inhibitors and beta-blockers, but the cellular mechanisms are incompletely understood. Since myocardial dysfunction is frequently associated with impaired energy status, the aim of this study was to assess the effects of exercise training and losartan on myocardial systems for energy production and transfer in heart failure.
Methods Maximal oxygen uptake, cardiac function and energy metabolism were assessed in heart failure after a myocardial infarction induced by coronary artery ligation in female Sprague–Dawley rats. Losartan was initiated one week after infarction and exercise training after four weeks, either as single interventions or combined. Animals were sacrificed 12 weeks after surgery.
Results Heart failure, confirmed by left ventricular diastolic pressure >15 mmHg and by >20 mmHg drop in peak systolic pressure, was associated with 40% lower aerobic capacity and significant reductions in enzymes involved in energy metabolism. Combined treatment yielded best improvement of aerobic capacity and ventricular pressure characteristics. Exercise training completely restored aerobic capacity and partly or fully restored creatine and adenylate kinases, whereas losartan alone further reduced these enzymes. In contrast, losartan reduced left ventricle diastolic pressure, whereas exercise training had a neutral effect.
Conclusion Exercise training markedly improves aerobic capacity and cardiac function after myocardial infarction, either alone or in combination with angiotensin inhibition. The two interventions appear to act by complementary mechanisms; whereas exercise training restores cardiac energy metabolism, mainly at the level of energy transfer, losartan unloads the heart by lowering filling pressure and afterload.
KEYWORDS Myocardial infarction; Heart failure; Endurance training; Losartan; Metabolism
1 These authors contributed equally.
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