Copyright © 2006, European Society of Cardiology
Accumulation of extracellular ATP protects against acute reperfusion injury in rat heart endothelial cells
Physiologisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Aulweg 129, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
* Corresponding author. Tel.: +49 641 99 47343; fax: +49 641 99 47219. Email address: thomas.noll{at}physiologie.med.uni-giessen.de
Objective: Ischemia–reperfusion provokes barrier failure of the coronary microvasculature, leading to myocardial edema development that jeopardizes functional recovery of the heart during reperfusion. Here, we tested whether adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), either exogenously applied or spontaneously released during reperfusion, protects the endothelial barrier against an imminent reperfusion injury and whether interventions preventing ATP breakdown augment this protective ATP effect.
Methods Cultured microvascular coronary endothelial monolayers and isolated-perfused hearts of rat were used.
Results: After ischemic conditions were induced, reperfusion of endothelial monolayers activated the endothelial contractile machinery and caused intercellular gap formation. It also led to the release of ATP. When its breakdown was inhibited by 6-N,N-diethyl-β,
-dibromomethylene-D-ATP (ARL 67156; 100 µM), a selective ectonucleotidase inhibitor, contractile activation and gap formation were significantly reduced. Reperfusion in the presence of exogenously added ATP (10 µM) plus ARL caused an additional reduction of both aforementioned effects. In contrast, elevation of ATP degradation by apyrase (1 U/ml), a soluble ectonucleotidase, or addition of adenosine (10 µM) provoked an increase in gap formation during reperfusion that could be completely inhibited by 8-phenyltheophylline (8-PT; 10 µM), an adenosine receptor antagonist. In Langendorff-perfused rat hearts, the reperfusion-induced increase in water content was significantly reduced by ARL plus ATP. Under conditions favouring ATP degradation, an increase in myocardial edema was observed that could be blocked by 8-PT.
Conclusion ATP, either released from cells or exogenously applied, protects against reperfusion-induced failure of the coronary endothelial barrier. Inhibition of ATP degradation enhances the stabilizing effect of ATP on barrier function.
KEYWORDS ATP release; Endothelial barrier function; Endothelial contractile machinery; Ectonucleotidases; Reperfusion injury
* Hiroshi Watanabe of Hamamatsu University School of Medicine (Hamamatsu, Japan) served as Guest Editor for this article.
Time for primary review 22 days
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