Copyright © 2005, European Society of Cardiology
Tornado in a dish: Revealing the mechanisms of ventricular arrhythmias in engineered cardiac tissues
Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
* Corresponding author. Washington University, St. Louis Department of Biomedical Engineering, Whitaker Hall, Campus Box 1097, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130-4899, USA. Tel.: +1 314 935 8612; fax: +1 314 935 8377. Email address: igor@wustl.edu
Received 20 October 2005; accepted 26 October 2005
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See article by Bursac and Tung (pages 381–390) in this issue.
Ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation (VT/VF) are the leading, immediate causes of death in the developed world. Investigation of the mechanisms of VT/VF spans over a century and a half. However, despite a long and exciting history of discovery in the field, we are still asking the same questions posed by Carl J. Wiggers in 1940 [1]: "As to the fundamental mechanisms of fibrillation we have plenty of theories, but none is universally accepted... we may note in passing that they all center around two ideas, viz., (a) that the impulses arise from centers,