Copyright © 2005, European Society of Cardiology
Myocyte apoptosis in heart failure
aHubrecht Laboratory and Interuniversity Cardiology Institute Netherlands, Royal Netherlands Academy of Sciences, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
bDepartment of Cardiology, University Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
cDepartment of Cardiology, Heart Lung Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
* Corresponding author. Tel.: +31 30 212 1800; fax: +31 30 251 6464. Email address: dewindt{at}niob.knaw.nl
Human heart failure is preceded by a process termed cardiac remodeling in which heart chambers progressively enlarge and contractile function deteriorates. Programmed cell death (apoptosis) of cardiac muscle cells has been identified as an essential process in the progression to heart failure. The execution of the apoptotic program entails complex interactions between and execution of multiple molecular subprograms. Unlike necrosis, apoptosis is an orderly regulated process and, by inference, a logical therapeutic target if intervention occurs at an early stage. To identify potential therapeutic targets, it is imperative to have a full understanding of the apoptotic pathways that are functional in the cardiac muscle. Accordingly, the present review summarizes the apoptotic pathways operative in cardiac muscle and discusses therapeutic options related to apoptosis for the future treatment of human heart failure.
KEYWORDS Apoptosis; Heart failure; Cell death
Time for primary review 21 days
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