© 2004 by European Society of Cardiology
Copyright © 2003, European Society of Cardiology
Molecular determinants of responses to myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury: focus on hypoxia-inducible and heat shock factors
Cardiology Section, Medical Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California, 4150 Clement St., San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
Department of Medicine and the Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
* Corresponding author. Cardiology Section, Medical Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California, 4150 Clement St., San Francisco, CA 94121, USA. Tel.: +1-415-221-4810x3171; fax: +1-415-750-6950. joel.karliner{at}med.va.gov
During the past several years much new evidence has accumulated regarding the molecular and biochemical mechanisms underlying cardiac responses to hypoxia and to ischemia/reperfusion injury. Studies have involved cell culture, and ex vivo and in vivo preparations. This review focuses on regulation of two transcription factors that are thought to be important in these processes, hypoxia-inducible factor1
(HIF-1) and heat shock factor (HSF). Both of these molecules are expressed acutely and chronically in response to hypoxia and ischemia/reperfusion, and both have numerous targets that comprise part of integrated response to ischemic injury aimed at promoting cell survival. Emphasis is placed on new mechanisms of action that regulate HIF-1, HSF, and heat shock proteins as key responses to hypoxia and ischemia, and possible approaches to therapy based on these data are discussed.
KEYWORDS Hypoxia; Reoxygenation; Ischemia/reperfusion; Gene regulation; Transcription factor; Preconditioning; Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)
Time for primary review 35 days
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