© 2003 by European Society of Cardiology
Copyright © 2003, European Society of Cardiology
Cellular cardiomyoplasty—cardiomyocytes, skeletal myoblasts, or stem cells for regenerating myocardium and treatment of heart failure?
The Heart Institute, Good Samaritan Hospital, Cardiovascular Division, University of Southern California, 1225 Wilshire Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90017-2395, USA
* Corresponding author. Tel.: +1-213-977-4050; fax: +1-213-977-4107. rkloner@goodsam.org
Received 20 August 2002; accepted 18 October 2002
| The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below. |
 |
1 Introduction |
|---|
In newts, excision of up to 50% of the ventricular myocardium results in spontaneous regeneration and rebuilding of the heart, a process that involves de-differentiation of the remaining cardiomyocytes, de-novo synthesis of DNA followed by proliferation and mitotic cell division of both cardiomyocytes and connective tissue, and subsequent replacing of the lost tissue [1–3]. In contrast, the mammalian heart loses its capability of a quantitatively sufficient proliferative response to various injuries soon after birth [4–6]. Interestingly, recent studies reported a certain degree of cardiomyocyte regeneration in various pathologic conditions, such as heart failure [7], orthotopic heart transplantation [8,9], or myocardial infarction [10,11], and even surmised the existence of resident cardiac stem cells [12], or extracardiac cardiomyocyte progenitor cells [13] in the mammalian heart. However, these findings are still controversial [14]. In some of these studies, the presence of the Y-chromosome in hearts from
|
2 Fetal and neonatal cardiomyocytes—what can be achieved? |
|---|
2.1 Six months, and still alive
2.2 Early declining proliferative activity
2.3 Incomplete differentiation and integration
2.4 Do they contract?
2.5 Translation into clinical practice?
|
3 Skeletal myoblasts—substitute for loss of cardiomyocytes with higher availability? |
|---|
|
4 Stem cells—an alternative source for cellular cardiomyoplasty? |
|---|
4.1 Embryonic stem cells
4.2 Bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells
|
5 How to improve the results |
|---|
5.1 The technique of transplantation
5.2 Tissue processing and culturing technique
5.3 Simultaneous gene therapy with cardiomyoplasty?
|
6 Conclusions and summary |
|---|
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  C.-K. Sun, F.-Y. Lee, J.-J. Sheu, C.-M. Yuen, S. Chua, S.-Y. Chung, H.-T. Chai, Y.-T. Chen, Y.-H. Kao, L.-T. Chang, et al. Early Combined Treatment with Cilostazol and Bone Marrow-Derived Endothelial Progenitor Cells Markedly Attenuates Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Rats J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., September 1, 2009; 330(3): 718 - 726. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. J. Blackwood, B. Lewden, R. G. Wells, J. Sykes, R. Z. Stodilka, G. Wisenberg, and F. S. Prato In Vivo SPECT Quantification of Transplanted Cell Survival After Engraftment Using 111In-Tropolone in Infarcted Canine Myocardium J. Nucl. Med., June 1, 2009; 50(6): 927 - 935. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. P. Gallegos and R. M. Bolman III Stem Cell Induced Regeneration of Myocardium Card. Surg. Adult, January 1, 2008; 3(2008): 1657 - 1668. [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. L. Christman and R. J. Lee Biomaterials for the Treatment of Myocardial Infarction J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., September 5, 2006; 48(5): 907 - 913. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. Pagliaro Post-infarct heart repair with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor: Is it a utopian goal? Cardiovasc Res, August 1, 2006; 71(3): 405 - 407. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. Ye, H. Kh. Haider, S. Jiang, L. H. Ling, R. Ge, P. K. Law, and E. K.W. Sim Reversal of myocardial injury using genetically modulated human skeletal myoblasts in a rodent cryoinjured heart model Eur J Heart Fail, October 1, 2005; 7(6): 945 - 952. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 W. Dai, S. L. Hale, B. J. Martin, J.-Q. Kuang, J. S. Dow, L. E. Wold, and R. A. Kloner Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation in Postinfarcted Rat Myocardium: Short- and Long-Term Effects Circulation, July 12, 2005; 112(2): 214 - 223. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. L. Tang, Q. Zhao, X. Qin, L. Shen, L. Cheng, J. Ge, and M. I. Phillips Paracrine Action Enhances the Effects of Autologous Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation on Vascular Regeneration in Rat Model of Myocardial Infarction Ann. Thorac. Surg., July 1, 2005; 80(1): 229 - 237. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. C. Meckert, H. G. Rivello, C. Vigliano, P. Gonzalez, R. Favaloro, and R. Laguens Endomitosis and polyploidization of myocardial cells in the periphery of human acute myocardial infarction Cardiovasc Res, July 1, 2005; 67(1): 116 - 123. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. Formigli, F. Francini, A. Tani, R. Squecco, D. Nosi, L. Polidori, S. Nistri, L. Chiappini, V. Cesati, A. Pacini, et al. Morphofunctional integration between skeletal myoblasts and adult cardiomyocytes in coculture is favored by direct cell-cell contacts and relaxin treatment Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, April 1, 2005; 288(4): C795 - C804. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. H. Freed, R. H. Cunnington, A. L. Dangerfield, J. S. Sutton, and I. M.C. Dixon Emerging evidence for the role of cardiotrophin-1 in cardiac repair in the infarcted heart Cardiovasc Res, March 1, 2005; 65(4): 782 - 792. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Barandon, T. Couffinhal, P. Dufourcq, P. Alzieu, D. Daret, C. Deville, and C. Duplaa Repair of Myocardial Infarction by Epicardial Deposition of Bone Marrow Cell-Coated Muscle Patch in a Murine Model Ann. Thorac. Surg., October 1, 2004; 78(4): 1409 - 1417. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L.G Melo, M Gnecchi, A.S Pachori, K Wang, and V.J Dzau Gene- and cell-based therapies for cardiovascular diseases: current status and future directions Eur. Heart J. Suppl., September 1, 2004; 6(suppl_E): E24 - E35. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. Dai, S. L. Hale, and R. A. Kloner Implantation of Immature Neonatal Cardiac Cells Into the Wall of the Aorta in Rats: A Novel Model for Studying Morphological and Functional Development of Heart Cells in an Extracardiac Environment Circulation, July 20, 2004; 110(3): 324 - 329. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. G. Melo, A. S. Pachori, D. Kong, M. Gnecchi, K. Wang, R. E. Pratt, and V. J. Dzau Molecular and Cell-Based Therapies for Protection, Rescue, and Repair of Ischemic Myocardium: Reasons for Cautious Optimism Circulation, May 25, 2004; 109(20): 2386 - 2393. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|