© 2003 by European Society of Cardiology
Copyright © 2003, European Society of Cardiology
Molecular pathways in myocardial development: a stem cell perspective
aVictor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst 2010, Australia
bFaculties of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington 2052, Australia
r.harvey{at}victorchang.unsw.edu.au
* Corresponding author. Present address: Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst 2010, Australia. Tel.: +61-2-9295-8520; fax: +61-2-9295-8528.
The heart has long been considered to adapt to increased work or pathology through the cellular growth process of hypertrophy. However, recent evidence for the existence of endogenous stem cells and regenerative capacity in the adult heart has given new impetus to the quest for cell therapies for heart failure, which remains the number one killer in Western cultures. The molecular cues driving cardiac development are now being explored in detail and will come into sharp focus as regimes for stem cell differentiation and efforts to augment endogenous regeneration are trialed. This review briefly outlines the current state of knowledge on the molecular basis of the four modalities of myogenesis that have been identified in the developing vertebrate heart. Stem cell-mediated myogenic repair in the heart represents a fifth modality, and an exciting frontier with basic and practical implications that remain to be explored.
KEYWORDS Stem cells; Cardiac stem cells; Heart development; Cell therapy; Cardiomyopathy
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