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Cardiovascular Research 2002 56(1):4-7; doi:10.1016/S0008-6363(02)00573-4
© 2002 by European Society of Cardiology
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Copyright © 2002, European Society of Cardiology

Clues to understanding the role of estrogen receptors in mediating cardiovascular protection

Xiao-Jun Du*

Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Baker Heart Research Institute, P.O. Box 6492, St. Kilda Road Central, Melbourne, Victoria 8008, Australia

xiaojun.du@baker.edu.au

* Tel.: +61-3-8530-1294; fax: +61-3-8532-1100

Received 15 July 2002; accepted 15 July 2002

The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below.

See article by Molero et al. [14] (pages 43–51) in this issue.

Gender-related differences in the risk of cardiovascular diseases have been well recognized with premenopausal women exhibiting a lower risk compared to age-matched men [1]. Estrogen is implicated as the factor responsible for this gender difference due to the facts that the female advantage over male in cardiovascular morbidity disappears following menopause and that administration of 17{alpha}-estradiol (E2) is protective against cardiovascular injury. In addition to changes in lipid metabolism, E2 at physiological levels mediates direct cardiovascular actions. The mechanisms and signal pathways responsible for the cardiovascular protection by estrogen have received great attention in recent years and a wealth of literature in this area has been recently reviewed [1–3].

Nuclear and putative membrane-bound estrogen receptors (ERs) are present in cardiovascular tissues of women and men. ER {alpha} and β isoforms mainly form homodimers (ER{alpha} and . . . [Full Text of this Article]


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