© 2002 by European Society of Cardiology
Copyright © 2001, European Society of Cardiology
Negative inotropic mediators released from the heart after myocardial ischaemia–reperfusion
aMedizinische Klinik, Kardiologie, Angiologie, Pneumologie, Charité, Campus Mitte, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Schumannstr. 20–21, D-10098 Berlin, Germany
bKlinik für Innere Medizin B, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität, Greifswald, Germany
* Corresponding author. Tel.: +49-30-450-513153; fax: +49-30-450-513932 verena.stangl{at}charite.de
The heart responds to ischaemic stimuli with release of negative inotropic mediators such as cytokines, platelet-activating factor, oxygen free radicals, arachidonic acids, nitric oxide, adenosine, and still unidentified "cardiodepressant factors" that modulate myocardial performance via autocrine and paracrine coupling. This review summarises experimental and clinical data on the role of negative inotropic mediators that are released from cardiac cells (including cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, and resident mast cells) after myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion.
KEYWORDS Cytokines; Free radicals; Ischemia; Macrophages; Myocytes; Nitric oxide; Reperfusion
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