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Cardiovascular Research 2001 50(2):210-217; doi:10.1016/S0008-6363(01)00221-8
© 2001 by European Society of Cardiology
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Copyright © 2001, European Society of Cardiology

Sudden cardiac death: role of heart rate variability to identify patients at risk

Federico Lombardia, Timo H Mäkikalliob, Robert J Myerburgc and Heikki V Huikurib,*

aCardiologia, Dipartimento di Medicina, Chirurgia e Odontoiatria, Ospedale S. Paolo, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
bDivision of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Oulu, Kajaanintie 50, 90220 Oulu, Finland
cDivision of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +358-8-315-4108; fax: 358-8-315-5599 heikki.huikuri@oulu.fi

Received 18 September 2000; accepted 18 January 2001

KEYWORDS Heart rate (variability); Sudden death

The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below.


   1 Introduction
 
Sudden, unexpected cardiac death stands as one of the most important and unresolved problems in clinical cardiology also in the new millennium. Despite unanticipated advancement in the understanding of the mechanisms that concur to determine such a dramatic event [1], our capability of identifying patients at risk has not reached satisfactory levels. In most instances, our attention is focused on selected small subgroups of patients at highest risk while ignoring the majority of subjects in whom sudden cardiac death is the first and last manifestation of a cardiac disease [2].

In the last 20 years, the appraisal [3] of the pro-arrhythmic role exerted by transient or persistent alterations in sympathetic and vagal control mechanisms has stimulated the development of techniques capable of providing information on autonomic modulation and of its alteration in different clinical conditions such as ischemic heart disease, hypertension and congestive heart failure [4,5]. Among . . . [Full Text of this Article]


   2 Methodological aspects of measurement of HR variability
 
2.1 Time domain indices of HR variability
2.2 Spectral analysis
2.3 Non-linear dynamics

   3 Study designs assessing the HR variability as a predictor of sudden death
 

   4 Conventional HR variability indices as predictors of sudden death
 

   5 Conventional HR variability indices in survivors of cardiac arrest or ventricular tachycardia
 

   6 Conventional HR variability indices before the onset of ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation
 

   7 Non-linear analysis of HR variability as a predictor of sudden death
 

   8 Non-linear HR behaviour before ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation
 

   9 Conclusions and future perspectives
 

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