© 2000 by European Society of Cardiology
Copyright © 2000, European Society of Cardiology
Specialization at the Z line of cardiac myocytes
aDepartment of Developmental Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
bCardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine and Physiology, Loyola Medical School, Maywood, IL, USA
* Corresponding author. Tel.: +1-803-733-3115; fax: +1-803-733-1533 borg@med.sc.edu
Received 14 October 1999; accepted 13 December 1999
KEYWORDS Cell culture/isolation; Developmental biology; Extracellular matrix; Myocytes
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1 Introduction |
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The organization of any differentiated cell is not random but is the result of a dynamic integration of extracellular and intracellular signals. During the development of the heart, cardiac myocytes are round shaped cells that differentiate into a rod-shaped phenotype. During the different stages of commitment and morphogenesis, the myocyte organizes its internal structure by undergoing myofibrillogenesis. This process results in the precise arrangement of contractile elements, supporting cytoskeleton, and endoplasmic reticulum. Within the sarcolemma, specialized regions are defined for attachment to components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). This specialized site of the sarcolemma consists of the ECM—Receptor—Cytoskeleton complex (Fig. 1). These sites will integrate attachment to the ECM and the series of proteins necessary for the chemical and mechanical transmission of information. In this review, we will describe the evidence that indicates there is a specialization of the sarcolemma at the Z line for the clustering of
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2 Development of specialized regions of the sarcolemma |
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3 The ECM—integrin—cytoskeletal complex participates in the hypertrophic response of cultured cardiomyocytes |
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4 Costameres and their role in mechanochemical signal transduction |
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5 The ECM—integrin—cytoskeletal complex participates in cell signaling in vivo |
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6 In vitro artifacts and relationship to in vivo |
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7 Summary |
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