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Cardiovascular Research 2000 45(1):27-35; doi:10.1016/S0008-6363(99)00282-5
© 2000 by European Society of Cardiology
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Copyright © 2000, European Society of Cardiology

Noninvasive vascular ultrasound

An asset in vascular medicine

Robert S Renemana,* and Arnold P.G Hoeksb

aDepartment of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
bDepartment of Biophysics, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +31-43-388-1198; fax: +31-43-367-1028 Reneman@fys.unimaas.nl

KEYWORDS Arteries; Blood flow; Endothelial factors; Ultrasound

The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below.


   1 General introduction
 
1.1 Introduction
There are always moments in life, inviting to look back on the past. Entering the next millennium is certainly such an occasion, because it happens generally only once in a life-time. Therefore, we very much liked the idea of the Editors to publish a special issue of Cardiovascular Research on the occasion of this event and to explore the impact of the articles in the journal most frequently cited over the years on further developments in the field. We gladly accepted their invitation to evaluate in this respect the article by Levenson et al. published in Cardiovascular Research in 1981 [1].

1.2 Content of the article
In this article the authors described an ultrasound system to assess diameter, blood flow velocity and volume flow in the brachial artery in man. The apparatus consisted of an adjustable range-gated pulsed Doppler system, emitter frequency 8 MHz, combined with a double transducer system to accurately determine the . . . [Full Text of this Article]

1.3 The impact of the article
1.4 Comments to the article
1.5 Content of the present review

   2 Basic aspects of vascular assessment
 
2.1 Parameters to characterize artery wall properties and which can be assessed noninvasively
2.2 Noninvasive assessment of d and {Delta}d
2.3 IMT and its noninvasive assessment
2.4 Wall shear rate and its noninvasive assessment

   3 Clinical applications
 
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Changes with increasing age
3.3 Changes in hypertension
3.4 Wall shear rate/stress in humans

   4 Conclusions
 

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