© 2000 by European Society of Cardiology
Copyright © 2000, European Society of Cardiology
Cellular calcium homeostasis during ischemia; a thermodynamic approach
Department of Experimental Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Amsterdam (CRIA), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, and the Inter University Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands (ICIN), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
* Corresponding author. Tel.: +31-020-566-3254; fax: +31-020-697-5458 J.W.Fiolet@AMC.UVA.NL
KEYWORDS Calcium (cellular); Ischemia; Reperfusion; Ventricular function
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1 Introduction |
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The pivotal role of calcium cycling and homeostasis has long been recognized in contractile, metabolic, electrical and ionic alterations associated with myocardial ischemia and anoxia, as well as in hibernation, stunning and mitochondrial dysfunction associated with reperfusion. However, the lack of adequate techniques seriously hampered measurement of cellular calcium in the low and narrow range of physiological concentrations, particularly in the cytoplasm. Uninterrupted measurement of the dynamics of calcium in the cytoplasm and in organelles such as the sarcoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria proved impossible for a long time.
Bourdillon and Poole-Wilson [1] were the first to accomplish this goal in 1981. They devised an elegant technique to continuously monitor mechanical function, calcium uptake and release during ischemia and reperfusion using calcium isotopes and radioactive labeling of the extracellular space. Their basic observations (see below) attracted much attention and the study remains frequently cited. Since then, new techniques have become available,
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2 Frequently cited early observations of Bourdillon and Poole-Wilson [1] |
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3 Transmembrane ion transport and thermodynamics |
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4 Na/Ca-exchange and thermodynamics |
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5 Ischemia and anoxia |
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5.1 Phosphorylation potential,
GATP5.2 Whole cell calcium
5.3 Cytoplasmic calcium
5.4 Mitochondrial calcium
5.5 SR calcium
5.6 Thermodynamics and SR calcium; role of the SR calcium pump
5.7 Thermodynamics and cytoplasmic calcium; role of the Na/Ca-exchanger
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6 Concluding remarks |
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