© 1999 by European Society of Cardiology
Copyright © 1999, European Society of Cardiology
Electrophysiological remodeling in hypertrophy and heart failure
Department of Medicine, Section of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology Johns Hopkins University, Ross 844 720 North Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
gtomasel@jhmi.edu
* Corresponding author. Tel.: +1-410-955-2774; fax: +1-410-955-7953
Received 15 October 1998; accepted 13 January 1999
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1. Introduction |
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Over 2 million Americans suffer from heart failure and more than 200 000 die annually. The incidence is estimated to be 400 000 per year with a prevalence of over 4.5 million, numbers that will increase with the aging of the US population [1]. Despite remarkable improvements in medical therapy the prognosis of patients with myocardial failure remains poor with over 15% of patients dying within 1 year of initial diagnosis and greater than 80% 6 year mortality [2]. Of the deaths in patients with heart failure, up to 50% are sudden and unexpected.
The failing heart undergoes a complex series of changes in both myocyte and non-myocyte elements. In an attempt to compensate for the reduction in cardiac function the sympathetic nervous (SNS), renin–angiotensin–aldosterone (RAAS) systems and other neurohumoral mechanisms are activated. The altered signal transduction in heart failure initiates changes in gene expression that produce myocyte
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2. Cellular electrophysiology in hypertrophy and heart failure |
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2.1 Changes in the action potential profile and duration
2.2 Down-regulation of potassium currents
2.3 Alterations in Ca2+ homeostasis
2.4 Pacemaker current, If
2.5 Na+–K+ ATPase
2.6 Modulation of channel and transporter function
2.7 Electrical remodeling and arrhythmia mechanisms in cardiac hypertrophy and failure
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3. Conclusions |
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T.-J. Cha, J. R. Ehrlich, L. Zhang, Y.-F. Shi, J.-C. Tardif, T. K. Leung, and S. Nattel Dissociation Between Ionic Remodeling and Ability to Sustain Atrial Fibrillation During Recovery From Experimental Congestive Heart Failure Circulation, January 27, 2004; 109(3): 412 - 418. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Zoghi and S. Nalbantgil Electrical stunning and hibernation: suggestion of new terms for short- and long-term cardiac memory Europace, January 1, 2004; 6(5): 418 - 424. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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H. Li, W. Guo, K. A. Yamada, and J. M. Nerbonne Selective elimination of IK,slow1 in mouse ventricular myocytes expressing a dominant negative Kv1.5{alpha} subunit Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, January 1, 2004; 286(1): H319 - H328. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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L. Ferron, V. Capuano, Y. Ruchon, E. Deroubaix, A. Coulombe, and J.-F. Renaud Angiotensin II Signaling Pathways Mediate Expression of Cardiac T-Type Calcium Channels Circ. Res., December 12, 2003; 93(12): 1241 - 1248. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Fernandez-Velasco, N. Goren, G. Benito, J. Blanco-Rivero, L. Bosca, and C. Delgado Regional distribution of hyperpolarization-activated current (If) and hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel mRNA expression in ventricular cells from control and hypertrophied rat hearts J. Physiol., December 1, 2003; 553(2): 395 - 405. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. Balasubramaniam, A. A Grace, R. C Saumarez, J. I Vandenberg, and C. L-H Huang Electrogram prolongation and nifedipine-suppressible ventricular arrhythmias in mice following targeted disruption of KCNE1 J. Physiol., October 15, 2003; 552(2): 535 - 546. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. O. Verkerk, R. Wilders, R. Coronel, J. H. Ravesloot, and E. E. Verheijck Ionic Remodeling of Sinoatrial Node Cells by Heart Failure Circulation, August 12, 2003; 108(6): 760 - 766. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Schoenmakers, C. Ramakers, J. M. van Opstal, J. D.M. Leunissen, C. Londono, and M. A. Vos Asynchronous development of electrical remodeling and cardiac hypertrophy in the complete AV block dog Cardiovasc Res, August 1, 2003; 59(2): 351 - 359. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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F. Brette and C. Orchard T-Tubule Function in Mammalian Cardiac Myocytes Circ. Res., June 13, 2003; 92(11): 1182 - 1192. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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H. K. Reddy, S. Wasson, S. K.G. Koshy, and R. Komatireddy Structural correlates of electrical remodeling in ventricular hypertrophy Cardiovasc Res, June 1, 2003; 58(3): 495 - 497. [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Peschar, K. Vernooy, W. Y.R Vanagt, R. S Reneman, M. A Vos, and F. W Prinzen Absence of reverse electrical remodeling during regression of volume overload hypertrophy in canine ventricles Cardiovasc Res, June 1, 2003; 58(3): 510 - 517. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. C. Saumarez, L. Chojnowska, R. Derksen, M. Pytkowski, M. Sterlinski, C. L.-H. Huang, N. Sadoul, R. N.W. Hauer, W. Ruzyllo, and A. A. Grace Sudden Death in Noncoronary Heart Disease Is Associated With Delayed Paced Ventricular Activation Circulation, May 27, 2003; 107(20): 2595 - 2600. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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I. Bodi, J. N. Muth, H. S. Hahn, N. N. Petrashevskaya, M. Rubio, S. E. Koch, G. Varadi, and A. Schwartz Electrical remodeling in hearts from a calcium-dependent mouse model of hypertrophy and failure: Complex nature of k+ current changes and action potential duration J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., May 7, 2003; 41(9): 1611 - 1622. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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H. Honjo, M. R. Boyett, R. Niwa, S. Inada, M. Yamamoto, K. Mitsui, T. Horiuchi, N. Shibata, K. Kamiya, and I. Kodama Pacing-Induced Spontaneous Activity in Myocardial Sleeves of Pulmonary Veins After Treatment With Ryanodine Circulation, April 15, 2003; 107(14): 1937 - 1943. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A Baartscheer, C.A Schumacher, C.N.W Belterman, R Coronel, and J.W.T Fiolet [Na+]i and the driving force of the Na+/Ca2+-exchanger in heart failure Cardiovasc Res, March 15, 2003; 57(4): 986 - 995. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. Fauconnier, S. Bedut, J.-Y. Le Guennec, D. Babuty, and S. Richard Ca2+ current-mediated regulation of action potential by pacing rate in rat ventricular myocytes Cardiovasc Res, March 1, 2003; 57(3): 670 - 680. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. L. Bouter, S. Demolombe, A. Chambellan, C. Bellocq, F. Aimond, G. Toumaniantz, G. Lande, S. Siavoshian, I. Baro, A. L. Pond, et al. Microarray Analysis Reveals Complex Remodeling of Cardiac Ion Channel Expression With Altered Thyroid Status: Relation to Cellular and Integrated Electrophysiology Circ. Res., February 7, 2003; 92(2): 234 - 242. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D.A. Eisner and A.W. Trafford Heart Failure and the Ryanodine Receptor: Does Occam's Razor Rule? Circ. Res., November 29, 2002; 91(11): 979 - 981. [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. E. Buxton, K. L. Lee, G. E. Hafley, D. G. Wyse, J. D. Fisher, M. H. Lehmann, L. A. Pires, M. R. Gold, D. L. Packer, M. E. Josephson, et al. Relation of Ejection Fraction and Inducible Ventricular Tachycardia to Mode of Death in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease: An Analysis of Patients Enrolled in the Multicenter Unsustained Tachycardia Trial Circulation, November 5, 2002; 106(19): 2466 - 2472. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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G.-R. Li, C.-P. Lau, A. Ducharme, J.-C. Tardif, and S. Nattel Transmural action potential and ionic current remodeling in ventricles of failing canine hearts Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, September 1, 2002; 283(3): H1031 - H1041. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. Kaprielian, R. Sah, T. Nguyen, A. D. Wickenden, and P. H. Backx Myocardial infarction in rat eliminates regional heterogeneity of AP profiles, Ito K+ currents, and [Ca2+]i transients Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, September 1, 2002; 283(3): H1157 - H1168. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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