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Cardiovascular Research 1998 39(3):543-549; doi:10.1016/S0008-6363(98)00155-2
© 1998 by European Society of Cardiology
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Copyright © 1998, European Society of Cardiology

Endothelin blockers and renal protection: a new strategy to prevent end-organ damage in cardiovascular disease?

Ton J Rabelinka,*, Erik S.G Stroesa, K.Paul Bouterb and Paul Morrisonc

aDepartment of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, Netherlands
bDepartment of Internal Medicine, Bosch Medicentrum, Utrecht, Netherlands
cKendle/U-Gene Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Utrecht, Netherlands

* Corresponding author. Tel: +31-30-250-7329; Fax: +31-30-254-3492; E-mail: t.rabelink@digd.azu.nl

Received 19 March 1998; accepted 22 May 1998

The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below.


   1 Introduction
 
The endothelin (ET) family comprises three 21-amino acid peptides: ET-1, ET-2 and ET-3. Endothelin-1 has been identified as the major cardiovascular isopeptide. Release of the active peptide ET-1 requires cleavage of a Trp21–Val22 bond in the carboxyterminal of the precursor molecule, big ET-1 [1]. This reaction is catalyzed by a membrane bound metalloprotease, endothelin converting enzyme (ECE-1) [1, 2]. An intracellularly located ECE (ECE-2) has been identified as well [3]. Endothelin release is increased transcriptionally when the endothelium is exposed to vasoconstrictor peptides, inflammatory cytokines and physical factors (e.g. angiotensin II, thrombin, TGF-β). Although the human kidney contains mRNA for all three isoforms of endothelin (ET), ET-1 appears to be the only peptide expressed at the protein level [4]. Expression of ET-1, its precursor, big ET-1, and the ECE in the non-diseased kidney is largely confined to the glomerular and vascular endothelium [4, 5]. . . . [Full Text of this Article]


   2 Chronic renal failure: a cardiovascular complication?
 

   3 Is endothelin a mediator of diabetic nephropathy?
 

   4 Is ET-1 a mediator of hypertensive renal disease?
 

   5 Pharmacology of the endothelin system
 

   6 Clinical countdown
 
6.1 Hemodynamic effects:
6.2 Interaction with the renin angiotensin system

   7 Conclusion
 

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