© 1998 by European Society of Cardiology
Copyright © 1998, European Society of Cardiology
Potassium channel down-regulation in heart failure
Department of Medicine I, University of München, Klinikum Großhadern, Marchioninistrasse 15, München 81377, Germany
* Corresponding author. Tel. (+49-89) 70951; Fax (+49-89) 7095 8830.
Prolongation of action potential duration is the most consistent electrophysiological abnormality in myocardium and myocytes from hypertrophied and failing hearts. Measurements of currents in myocytes from hypertrophied and failing hearts indicate that, in most cases, this is due to a decrease in outward potassium currents. If present, a calcium-independent transient outward current is usually substantially reduced, but delayed rectifier and inward rectifier currents have also been found to be diminished. There is increasing evidence that potassium current down-regulation contributes significantly to the enhanced lability of the repolarization process in heart failure, predisposing to early after-depolarizations, dispersion of repolarization and ventricular arrhythmias. The reduction of outward potassium currents may also be involved in the enhanced sensitivity of failing myocardium to triggering factors like hypokalemia, ischemia, and antiarrhythmic agents with Class III effects. A thorough understanding of the mechanisms of cardiac excitability and arrhythmogenesis at the cellular and molecular level under normal and pathological conditions will be essential for the development of new pharmacological strategies to prevent sudden cardiac death in heart failure.
KEYWORDS Potassium channel; Hypertrophy; Heart failure; Repolarization; Long-QT syndrome; Arrhythmia; Sudden cardiac death
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  H.-C. Huang, L.-Y. Lin, H.-Y. Yu, and Y.-L. Ho Risk stratification by T-wave morphology for cardiovascular mortality in patients with systolic heart failure Europace, November 1, 2009; 11(11): 1522 - 1528. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Wagner, E. Hacker, E. Grandi, S. L. Weber, N. Dybkova, S. Sossalla, T. Sowa, L. Fabritz, P. Kirchhof, D. M. Bers, et al. Ca/Calmodulin Kinase II Differentially Modulates Potassium Currents Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol, June 1, 2009; 2(3): 285 - 294. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J.-P. Couderc Measurement and regulation of cardiac ventricular repolarization: from the QT interval to repolarization morphology Phil Trans R Soc A, April 13, 2009; 367(1892): 1283 - 1299. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Cheng and W. J. Lederer Calcium Sparks Physiol Rev, October 1, 2008; 88(4): 1491 - 1545. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
U. Ravens and E. Cerbai Role of potassium currents in cardiac arrhythmias Europace, October 1, 2008; 10(10): 1133 - 1137. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. Xu, R.H. Henning, E. Lipsic, A. van Buiten, W.H. van Gilst, and H. Buikema Acetylcholine stimulated dilatation and stretch induced myogenic constriction in mesenteric artery of rats with chronic heart failure Eur J Heart Fail, February 1, 2007; 9(2): 144 - 151. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. Wakisaka, S. Niwano, H. Niwano, J. Saito, T. Yoshida, S. Hirasawa, H. Kawada, and T. Izumi Structural and electrical ventricular remodeling in rat acute myocarditis and subsequent heart failure Cardiovasc Res, September 1, 2004; 63(4): 689 - 699. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Brunet, F. Aimond, H. Li, W. Guo, J. Eldstrom, D. Fedida, K. A. Yamada, and J. M. Nerbonne Heterogeneous expression of repolarizing, voltage-gated K+ currents in adult mouse ventricles J. Physiol., August 15, 2004; 559(1): 103 - 120. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Cerbai and A. Mugelli Angiotensin AT2 receptor: the younger sibling attracts attention Cardiovasc Res, April 1, 2004; 62(1): 7 - 8. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Tamargo, R. Caballero, R. Gomez, C. Valenzuela, and E. Delpon Pharmacology of cardiac potassium channels Cardiovasc Res, April 1, 2004; 62(1): 9 - 33. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Dobrev Transcription factors for ion channels: active or passive players in cardiac remodeling? Cardiovasc Res, November 1, 2003; 60(2): 226 - 227. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Jia and K. Takimoto GATA and FOG2 transcription factors differentially regulate the promoter for Kv4.2 K+ channel gene in cardiac myocytes and PC12 cells Cardiovasc Res, November 1, 2003; 60(2): 278 - 287. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Shimoni and X.-F. Liu Sex differences in the modulation of K+ currents in diabetic rat cardiac myocytes J. Physiol., July 15, 2003; 550(2): 401 - 412. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. M.G.J van Borren, A. O Verkerk, S. K Vanharanta, A. Baartscheer, R. Coronel, and J. H Ravesloot Reduced swelling-activated Cl- current densities in hypertrophied ventricular myocytes of rabbits with heart failure Cardiovasc Res, March 1, 2002; 53(4): 869 - 878. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Sah, R. J. Ramirez, and P. H. Backx Modulation of Ca2+ Release in Cardiac Myocytes by Changes in Repolarization Rate: Role of Phase-1 Action Potential Repolarization in Excitation-Contraction Coupling Circ. Res., February 8, 2002; 90(2): 165 - 173. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K S Thorneloe, X F Liu, M P Walsh, and Y Shimoni Transmural differences in rat ventricular protein kinase C epsilon correlate with its functional regulation of a transient cardiac K+ current J. Physiol., May 15, 2001; 533(1): 145 - 154. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J.M van Opstal, S.C Verduyn, H.D.M Leunissen, S.H.M de Groot, H.J.J Wellens, and M.A Vos Electrophysiological parameters indicative of sudden cardiac death in the dog with chronic complete AV-block Cardiovasc Res, May 1, 2001; 50(2): 354 - 361. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Gondo, K. Kumagai, H. Nakashima, and K. Saku Angiotensin II provokes cesium-induced ventricular tachyarrhythmias Cardiovasc Res, February 1, 2001; 49(2): 381 - 390. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Tsuji, T. Opthof, K. Kamiya, K. Yasui, W. Liu, Z. Lu, and I. Kodama Pacing-induced heart failure causes a reduction of delayed rectifier potassium currents along with decreases in calcium and transient outward currents in rabbit ventricle Cardiovasc Res, November 1, 2000; 48(2): 300 - 309. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. O. Verkerk, M. W. Veldkamp, N. de Jonge, R. Wilders, and A. C.G. van Ginneken Injury current modulates afterdepolarizations in single human ventricular cells Cardiovasc Res, July 1, 2000; 47(1): 124 - 132. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. M Nerbonne Molecular basis of functional voltage-gated K+ channel diversity in the mammalian myocardium J. Physiol., June 1, 2000; 525(2): 285 - 298. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. C Knollmann, B. E C Knollmann-Ritschel, N. J Weissman, L. R Jones, and M. Morad Remodelling of ionic currents in hypertrophied and failing hearts of transgenic mice overexpressing calsequestrin J. Physiol., June 1, 2000; 525(2): 483 - 498. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. G.A. Volders, M. A. Vos, B. Szabo, K. R. Sipido, S.H.M. de Groot, A. P.M. Gorgels, H. J.J. Wellens, and R. Lazzara Progress in the understanding of cardiac early afterdepolarizations and torsades de pointes: time to revise current concepts Cardiovasc Res, June 1, 2000; 46(3): 376 - 392. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
U Ravens and D Dobrev Regulation of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase and phospholamban in the failing and nonfailing heart Cardiovasc Res, January 1, 2000; 45(1): 245 - 252. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. Guo, H. Xu, B. London, and J. M Nerbonne Molecular basis of transient outward K+ current diversity in mouse ventricular myocytes J. Physiol., December 15, 1999; 521(3): 587 - 599. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Volk, T. H.-D. Nguyen, J.-H. Schultz, and H. Ehmke Relationship between transient outward K+ current and Ca2+ influx in rat cardiac myocytes of endo- and epicardial origin J. Physiol., September 15, 1999; 519(3): 841 - 850. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Schaffer, B. Pelzmann, E. Bernhart, P. Lang, H. Machler, B. Rigler, and B. Koidl Repolarizing currents in ventricular myocytes from young patients with tetralogy of Fallot Cardiovasc Res, August 1, 1999; 43(2): 332 - 343. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Xu, W. Guo, and J. M. Nerbonne Four Kinetically Distinct Depolarization-activated K+ Currents in Adult Mouse Ventricular Myocytes J. Gen. Physiol., May 1, 1999; 113(5): 661 - 678. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. J Snyders Structure and function of cardiac potassium channels Cardiovasc Res, May 1, 1999; 42(2): 377 - 390. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. W. Veldkamp, B. de Jonge, and A. C.G. van Ginneken Decreased inward rectifier current in adult rabbit ventricular myocytes maintained in primary culture: a single-channel study Cardiovasc Res, May 1, 1999; 42(2): 424 - 433. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|