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Cardiovascular Research 1967 1(3):201-209; doi:10.1093/cvr/1.3.201
© 1967 by European Society of Cardiology
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Copyright © 1967, European Society of Cardiology

Morphological Changes of Heart Muscle Caused by Successive Perfusion with Calcium-free and Calcium-containing Solutions (Calcium Paradox)

Ariaen N. E. Zimmerman, Wiggele Daems, Willem C. Hülsmann, Jaap Snijder, Eduard Wisse and Dirk Durrer

From the Laboratory of Cardiology and Clinical Physiology, University of Amsterdam; the Laboratory of Electron-Microscopy, University of Leiden; the Department of Clinical Endocrinology and Diseases of Metabolism, University of Leiden; and the Pathological Anatomical Laboratory, University of Amsterdam.

Authors' Synopsis: Perfusion of isolated rat hearts with a modified Tyrode solution followed by perfusion with a calcium-free perfusate results in an electromechanical dissociation and causes no significant morphological changes. However, reinstitution of calcium ions leads to gross morphological changes, as shown by histological and electron-microscopical evidence. Contractility is not restored and electrical activity disappears (calcium paradox). Some of the cells are reduced to empty spaces containing swollen mitochondria. Other cells appear to be intact, but show signs of hypercontraction. Cardiac damage due to the calcium paradox could also be demonstrated by x-ray angiography.


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