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Cardiovascular Research Advance Access originally published online on March 18, 2009
Cardiovascular Research 2009 82(2):171-174; doi:10.1093/cvr/cvp096
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Published on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved. © The Author 2009. For permissions please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org.

Lipid signalling in cardiovascular pathophysiology

Joel S. Karliner1,2,* and Joan Heller Brown3,*

1 Cardiology Section, VA Medical Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
2 Department of Medicine, University of California, 4150 Clement Street, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
3 Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093-0636, USA

* Corresponding author. Tel: +1 415 221 4810 (J.S.K.)/+1 858 822 5858 (J.H.B.); fax: +1 415 750 6959 (J.S.K.)/+1 858 822 0041 (J.H.B.). E-mail addresses: joel.karliner@va.gov (J.S.K.) and jhbrown@ucsd.edu (J.H.B.)

The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below.


   1. Introduction
 
Although the role of lipids in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease has been appreciated for several decades, recent studies have advanced our understanding and revealed complex new functions and interactions for lipid molecules that are both beneficial and adverse. It is now well appreciated that lipids are not merely structural components of cell membranes but serve as substrates for enzymes that generate second messengers involved in cell signalling. In the case of the sphingolipids, sphingomyelinase and sphingosine kinase (SK) are regulated enzymes and the product, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), is a ligand for G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that activate myriad cellular responses. Inositol phospholipids, or phosphoinositides, are synthesized or degraded through regulated enzymes including phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinases (PI3Ks), which generate the second messenger PIP3, and phospholipase C which generates inositol trisphosphate and diacylglycerol (DAG) as well as modulating membrane levels of phosphatidylinositol 4'5'-bisphosphate (PIP2).

Sphingolipid pathways, including responses involving sphingomyelinases, have been . . . [Full Text of this Article]


   2. Effects of sphingolipids on the heart
 

   3. Sphingolipid effects on the vasculature
 

   4. Cardiac effects of other lipid-related mediators
 

   5. Phosphoinositide signalling in the cardiovascular system
 

   6. Summary
 

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