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Cardiovascular Research 2005 67(4):573-574; doi:10.1016/j.cardiores.2005.06.017
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Copyright © 2005, European Society of Cardiology

The biological impact of estrogens on gender differences in congestive heart failure

Gilbert Schönfelder*

Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Garystraβe 5, 14195 Berlin, Germany

* Tel.: +49 30 8445 1702; fax: +49 30 8445 1761. Email address: gilbert.schoenfelder@charite.de

Received 17 June 2005; accepted 21 June 2005

The first 10% of the full text of this article appears below.

See also article by Pelzer et al. [14] (pages 604–612) in this issue.

Heart failure seems to be a different entity in women than in men because of gender-related differences in the cardiovascular system. Myocardial hypertrophy is one independent risk factor for heart failure and represents a very important health issue because of morbidity and mortality. Men under the age 50 have a greater risk of contracting cardiovascular disease than age-matched women. Women with heart failure very often have different clinical features than men, such as age of onset and co-morbidities [1]. It is well documented that differences exist in remodeling and the response . . . [Full Text of this Article]


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