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Cardiovascular Research 2004 64(1):6-8; doi:10.1016/j.cardiores.2004.07.019
© 2004 by European Society of Cardiology
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Copyright © 2004, European Society of Cardiology

Cytokines and Late Preconditioning*

Denis B. Buxton*

Division of Heart and Vascular Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 6701 Rockledge Drive, Bethesda 20892-7940, USA

* Tel.: +1 301 435 0516; fax: +1 301 480 1454. E-mail address: db225a@nih.gov

Received 20 July 2004; accepted 26 July 2004

The first 10% of the full text of this article appears below.

See article by Dawn et al. [7] (pages 61–71) in this issue.

It is now almost two decades since the first reports of ischemic preconditioning, the induction of cardiac tolerance to ischemic stress by a sublethal period of ischemia [1]. In the early 1990s, these findings were extended to show that preconditioning is a biphasic phenomenon; an early phase of preconditioning develops within minutes and lasts for 2 to 3 h, while a late phase is delayed until 12–24 h after the ischemic stress and lasts for 3 to 4 days [2,3]. In contrast to the early or "classic" phase of preconditioning, the heart is also protected against stunning during the late phase [4].

The . . . [Full Text of this Article]


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