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Cardiovascular Research 2004 61(1):5-6; doi:10.1016/j.cardiores.2003.11.006
© 2004 by European Society of Cardiology
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Copyright © 2004, European Society of Cardiology

A radical idea: men and women are different

Doug Bowles*

Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center and Center for Gender Physiology and Environmental Adaptation, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA

* Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, E102 Veterinary Medicine Building, Columbia, MO 65211, USA. Tel.: +1-573-882-7193; fax: +1-573-884-6890. bowlesd@missouri.edu

Received 5 November 2003; revised 6 November 2003; accepted 12 November 2003

The first 10% of the full text of this article appears below.

See article by Dantas et al. [8] in this issue.

Gender has a pronounced influence on the type and severity of cardiovascular disease that will likely ensue during one's lifetime. Sex differences have been noted in most major cardiovascular diseases including coronary heart disease, stroke, and hypertension. Aside from the humanitarian benefit, a huge economic incentive exists for developing more effective treatments for hypertension, especially in Western societies. For example, in the United States, one in four adults has high blood pressure, with the . . . [Full Text of this Article]


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