© 2002 by European Society of Cardiology
Copyright © 2002, European Society of Cardiology
The significance of the peer review process against the background of bias: priority ratings of reviewers and editors and the prediction of citation, the role of geographical bias
aDepartment of Medical Physiology, University Medical Center, PO Box 85060, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands
bDepartment of Cardiology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
cExperimental and Molecular Cardiology Group, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
dEditorial Office Cardiovascular Research, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
t.opthof@med.uu.nl
* Corresponding author. Tel.: +31-30-253-8900; fax: +31-30-253-9036
accepted 3 October 2002
| The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below. |
| 1 Introduction |
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Editors are facing larger numbers of submitted manuscripts than they can publish [1]. In their selection process of papers they depend on the advice of one or more peer reviewers [1]. It is thus important that the process is fair and as unbiased as possible.
The origin of peer review dates back to 1752, when the Royal Society of London obtained the fiscal responsibility for the Philosophical Transactions [2]. There are few historical accounts of the evolution of editorial peer review [3]. Today, specialized research on the peer review system is only just starting to emerge and has been the topic of four world congresses [4–7]. This type of research focuses—amongst many other issues—on themes as whether or not masking the identity of authors to reviewers influences the reports of reviewers and whether or not anonymity of reviewers is a relevant topic [4–7].
Previous
| 2 Can editors predict the priority assigned to manuscripts by reviewers ? |
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| 3 Can reviewers predict citation ? |
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| 4 Can editors predict citation ? |
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| 5 Does bias exist for individual reviewers? |
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| 6 Geographical aspects |
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| 7 Geographical bias |
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7.1 Italy
7.2 USA
7.3 Japan
7.4 United Kingdom
7.5 France
7.6 Other countries
| 8 Conclusions |
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| 9. Summary of results |
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