© 2001 by European Society of Cardiology
Copyright © 2000, European Society of Cardiology
Atrial natriuretic peptides in pathophysiological diseases
James A. Haley Veterans’ Hospital – 151, University of South Florida, Cardiac Hormone Center, 13000 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL 33612, USA
* Tel.: +1-813-972-7624; fax: +1-813-972-7623 vesely.david_l@tampa.va.gov
Received 6 October 2000; accepted 15 January 2001
KEYWORDS Blood pressure; Heart failure; Infarction; Natriuretic peptide; Renal function
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1 Introduction |
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Atrial natriuretic peptides (ANPs) consist of a family of peptides which are synthesized and then stored as three different prohormones (i.e., 126 amino acid [a.a.] atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), 108 a.a. brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and 126 a.a. C-natriuretic peptide prohormones (CNP) prohormones) [1]. The present review will concentrate on atrial peptides and especially on the natriuretic peptides originating from the ANP prohormone in pathophysiological conditions. There are several excellent recent reviews on the biochemistry and molecular biology of the natriuretic peptides [2,3] and their physiology [4–6] so these aspects will not be reviewed in detail in the present review.
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2 Pathophysiology of ANPs in cardiovascular diseases |
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2.1 Cerebrovascular disease — molecular biology of natriuretic peptides
To understand which of the atrial natriuretic peptides may be associated with cerebrovascular accidents (i.e., strokes) [7,8] and other cardiovascular disease states, it is necessary to briefly review the molecular biology of how the respective atrial natriuretic peptides are synthesized. The gene encoding for the synthesis of atrial natriuretic
2.2 Cerebrovascular disease — clinical and biochemical correlation
2.3 Hypertension
2.4 Congestive heart failure
2.5 Acute myocardial infarction
2.6 Supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias
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3 Pathophysiology of ANPs in non-cardiovascular diseases |
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3.1 Production and function of atrial natriuretic peptides in the kidney
3.2 Renal failure
3.3 Treatment of acute renal failure with atrial natriuretic peptides
3.4 Cirrhosis with ascities
3.5 Hyperthyroidism
3.6 Hypothyroidism
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4 Summary |
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