Skip Navigation

Cardiovascular Research 2001 49(3):495-496; doi:10.1016/S0008-6363(00)00286-8
© 2001 by European Society of Cardiology
This Article
Right arrow Full Text Freely available
Right arrow FREE Full Text (PDF) Freely available
Right arrow E-letters: Submit a response
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me when E-letters are posted
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Add to My Personal Archive
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowRequest Permissions
Right arrow Disclaimer
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Gonçalves, L. M.
Right arrow Articles by Piek, J. J.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Gonçalves, L. M.
Right arrow Articles by Piek, J. J.
Social Bookmarking
Add to CiteULike   Add to Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us  
What's this?

Copyright © 2001, European Society of Cardiology

Controlling collateral development: the difficult task of mimicking mother nature

Lino M. Gonçalvesa,*, Stephen E. Epsteinb and Jan J. Piekc

aDepartment of Cardiology, Coimbra University Hospital, 3049 Coimbra Codex, Portugal
bCardiovascular Research Institute of the MedStar Research Institute, Washington Hospital Center, 110 Irving Street, NW, Suite 4B1, Washington DC, USA
cHartcatheterisatie B2-109, Academisch Medisch Centrum, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +351-39-400-414; fax: +351-39-780-552 lgoncalv@ci.uc.pt sxe2@mhg.edu j.j.piek@amc.uva.nl

Received 7 November 2000; accepted 7 November 2000

The first 10% of the full text of this article appears below.

In small animals with a relatively simple structure and organization, direct diffusion is sufficient for the transport of nutrients, gases and waste materials to and from individual cells. However, in the evolution of the higher metazoan animals, some cells become distant from the external environment, creating evolutionary pressure for selection of those with rudimentary circulatory systems [1]. Thus, large multicellular organisms developed complex, cell-lined, vascular systems, allowing transport of water, ions and nutrients to remote parts of the organism, and removal . . . [Full Text of this Article]


Add to CiteULike CiteULike   Add to Connotea Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us Del.icio.us    What's this?