© 2000 by European Society of Cardiology
Copyright © 2000, European Society of Cardiology
Integrins and cell structure: powerful determinants of heart development and heart function
Zentrum Physiologie und Pathophysiologie der Universität zu Köln, Institut für Neurophysiologie, Robert-Koch-Str. 39, D-50931, Köln, Germany
* Corresponding author. Tel.: +49-221-478-6960; fax: +49-221-478-6965 j.hescheler@uni-koeln.de
Received 26 June 2000; accepted 26 June 2000
| The first 10% of the full text of this article appears below. |
See article by Maitra et al. [12] (pages 715–725) in this issue.
Integrins comprise a family of cell surface receptors known to attach cells to the extracellular matrix (ECM) and to mediate mechanical as well as chemical signals. Beyond ECM-mediated signalling to the cytosol (outside–in), extracellular binding activities are regulated through integrin-mediated signalling in the opposite direction (inside–out). Because integrins assemble large signalling complexes and activate multiple signalling pathways they are involved in an array of elementary biological functions such as control of cell cycle, proliferation as well as apoptosis [1].
Integrins are heterodimers composed of non-covalently associated
- and β-subunits. In mammals at least eight β- and 16
-subunits combining for 22 different receptors have been identified so
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