© 2000 by European Society of Cardiology
Copyright © 2000, European Society of Cardiology
Antioxidants and the bioactivity of endothelium-derived nitric oxide
Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA and VA Boston Health Care System, Boston, MA, USA
* Corresponding author. Boston Medical Center, 88 East Newton Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA. Tel.: +1-617-638-8701; fax: +1-617-638-8712 jvita@bu.edu
Received 7 February 2000; accepted 7 April 2000
KEYWORDS Endothelial factors; Endothelial function; Free radicals; Nitric oxide
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1 Introduction |
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Over the past two decades, investigators have increasingly recognized the importance of the endothelium as a central regulator of vascular homeostasis. In 1980, Furchgott and Zawadzki [1] reported that acetylcholine-mediated relaxation of isolated aortic tissue is dependent on release of an ‘endothelium-derived relaxing factor’. Subsequent studies by Ignarro and colleagues identified this factor as nitric oxide (NO) [2] or a closely related NO product [3]. In addition to regulating vascular tone, it is now appreciated that endothelium-derived NO also acts to inhibit platelet activity, vascular smooth muscle cell growth, and adhesion of inflammatory cells to the endothelial surface [4].
Loss of the bioactivity of endothelium-derived NO plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of a number of disease states including atherosclerosis and its risk factors [5]. A large body of work suggests that the impaired NO action in atherosclerosis is related to increased oxidative stress in the
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2 Endothelium-derived NO in health and disease |
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3 Oxidative stress and impaired NO bioactivity |
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3.1 Superoxide anion
3.2 Lipid peroxidation
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4 Antioxidants and the bioactivity of endothelium-derived NO |
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4.1
-Tocopherol4.2 Ascorbic acid
4.3 Other antioxidants
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5 Clinical implications of the effects of antioxidants on endothelium-derived NO |
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6 Conclusions |
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