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Cardiovascular Research 1999 43(3):652-671; doi:10.1016/S0008-6363(99)00169-8
© 1999 by European Society of Cardiology
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Copyright © 1999, European Society of Cardiology

Interactions between NO and reactive oxygen species: pathophysiological importance in atherosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes and heart failure

Georg Kojdaa and David Harrisonb,*

aInstitut für Pharmakologie, Düsseldorf, Germany
bEmory University School of Medicine, 1639 Pierce Drive, 319 WMB, Atlana, GA 30322, USA

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +1-404-727-3710; fax: +1-404-727-3585 dharr02@emory.edu

Received 3 February 1999; accepted 3 May 1999

The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below.


   1 Background: the concept of ‘endothelial dysfunction’
 
Soon after the discovery of EDRF (endothelium derived relaxins factor) it became apparent that certain diseases are associated with an impairment of endothelium dependent vasorelaxation. In hypercholesterolemic rabbits and monkeys, vasorelaxation to acetylcholine is almost absent (Fig. 1) or changed into vasoconstriction [1,2]. Similar observations have been made in patients with coronary artery disease [3,4] or risk factors predisposing to atherosclerosis [5]. Likewise, endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation is abnormal in disease states such as heart failure, diabetes and hypertension [6]. In almost all of these disorders, there is a loss of endothelial production and/or bioavailability of NO (nitric oxide, nitrogen monoxide). This alteration of vascular function has been termed ‘endothelial dysfunction’ in the scientific literature. Although this term is widely used, it is quite imprecise. ‘Endothelial dysfunction’ may refer to impairments of important endothelial functions other than vasodilation, including anticoagulant and anti-inflammatory properties of the endothelium [7,8]. . . [Full Text of this Article]


   2 Vascular oxidant stress and sources of reactive oxygen species
 
2.1 Vascular oxidant stress
2.2 Enzymatic sources of reactive oxygen species in vascular tissues

   3 Reactions of superoxide with NO in the vascular wall.
 
3.1 Reaction products
3.2 Effects in the vascular wall

   4 Hypercholesterolemia and coronary artery disease
 

   5 Hypertension
 

   6 Heart failure
 

   7 Diabetes
 

   8 Summary
 

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