© 1998 by European Society of Cardiology
Copyright © 1998, European Society of Cardiology
Rat models of hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy and failure
aDepartment of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
bDepartment of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia
* Corresponding author. Tel.: +64 (9) 373 7599 ext. 6418; Fax: +64 (9) 373 7556.
Received 27 October 1997; accepted 24 February 1998
KEYWORDS Hypertension; Cardiac hypertrophy; Cardiac failure; Rat models
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1 Introduction |
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Animals have been used by humans for centuries to understand their own biology. In cardiovascular research, animal models have allowed the study of cardiovascular disease in the early stages, as well as the investigation of the mechanisms of the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease and the effects of drug intervention. The aim of these studies is to provide clear concepts for selected investigations in humans. An ideal animal model for any cardiovascular disease in humans should have five characteristics: (i) mimic the human disease, (ii) allow studies in chronic, stable disease, (iii) produce symptoms which are predictable and controllable, (iv) satisfy economical, technical and animal welfare considerations, and (v) allow measurement of relevant cardiac, biochemical and haemodynamic parameters.
The use of rats as animal models is rational from the economic viewpoint and many techniques have been developed to measure relevant functional parameters. However, there is often insufficient consideration as to whether
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2 Hypertension |
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2.1 Systemic hypertension
2.1.1 Spontaneously hypertensive and stroke-prone rats (SHRs and SHR-SP)
2.1.2 Stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR-SP)
2.1.3 Mineralocorticoid hypertension
2.1.4 NO synthase inhibition
2.1.5 Transgenic rats
2.1.6 Diabetic hypertensive rats
2.2 Renovascular hypertension
2.3 Pulmonary hypertension
2.3.1 Monocrotaline
2.3.2 Hypoxia
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3 Cardiac hypertrophy and failure |
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4 Hypertrophy |
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4.1 Spontaneously hypertensive rats
4.2 Renal artery occlusion
4.3 Pressure loading by outflow constriction
4.4 Catecholamines (isoprenaline and noradrenaline)
4.5 Transgenic rats
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5 Heart failure |
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5.1 Spontaneously hypertensive rats with failure (SHRs-F)
5.2 Hypertensive HF-prone rats (SHHF)
5.3 Dahl/Rapp salt-sensitive rats
5.4 Coronary artery ligation
5.5 Microembolization of coronary vessels
5.6 Adriamycin (doxorubicin)
5.7 Alcoholic heart disease
5.8 Myocarditis
5.9 Pulmonary hypertension
5.10 Aortacaval fistula (shunts)
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6 Conclusions |
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