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Cardiovascular Research 1997 36(3):293-297; doi:10.1016/S0008-6363(97)00243-5
© 1997 by European Society of Cardiology
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Copyright © 1997, European Society of Cardiology

Hypercalcemia and metastatic calcification

D.N.S Kerr*

Royal College of Physicians of London, 11 St. Andrews Place, London NW1 4LE, U.K.

* Corresponding author.

Received 24 April 1997; accepted 11 September 1997

KEYWORDS Vitamin D toxicity; Calcinosis; Milk-alkali syndrome; Calciphylaxis; Chronic renal failure; Hypercalcemia

The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below.


   1 Vitamin D intoxication
 
I grew up in Edinburgh, at the same latitude as Copenhagen, and then covered by a pall of coal smoke which gave it the sobriquet ‘auld reekie’. Many bandy-legged and dwarfed citizens carried the legacy of rickets contracted before the discovery of vitamin D, the fortification of food and the Clean Air Acts. However vitamin D, good in the right dose, is dangerous in overdose and there is no doubt that Gorm's Vikings miscalculated the dose–response curve of cod liver oil; a teaspoon would have been a better implement than their ladle or Mrs. T's tablespoon. In view of their formidable achievements, it is likely that the Vikings escaped the worst effects of vitamin D intoxication by irregular dosage and non-compliance. Their cavalier approach was repeated with more disastrous results after 1924 when high doses of tasteless ergocalciferol (vitamin D2) from irradiated ergosterol became available and were indiscriminately prescribed . . . [Full Text of this Article]

1.1 Mistakes in prescribing or follow-up
1.2 Fortification of food
1.3 Granulomatous disease

   2 Milk-alkali syndrome
 

   3 Calciphylaxis
 
3.1 Treatment

   4 Other metastatic calcification in renal failure
 
4.1 Vascular calcification
4.2 Cardiac calcification
4.3 Pulmonary calcification

   5 The enigma of metastatic calcification
 

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