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Cardiovascular Research 1997 36(1):3-9; doi:10.1016/S0008-6363(97)00127-2
© 1997 by European Society of Cardiology
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Copyright © 1997, European Society of Cardiology

Growth hormone: a newcomer in cardiovascular medicine

Luigi Saccà*

Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University Federico II, Naples, Italy

* Medicina Interna, via Pansini 5, 80131-Napoli, Italy. Tel.: 81-7473519, fax: 81-7463199, e-mail: sacca@cds.unina.it

Received 8 November 1996; accepted 11 February 1997

KEYWORDS Dilated cardiomyopathy; Heart failure; Cardiac performance; Acromegaly

The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below.


   1 Introduction
 
Growth hormone (GH) controls linear growth and a variety of other functions, including nutrient metabolism, skeletal muscle performance, regulation of body composition, and even psychological well-being. The recent finding that GH plays a role in cardiovascular physiology has enlarged GH's spectrum of action even further [1, 2]. GH is essential for cardiac development and for preserving cardiac morphology and performance in adult life. Patients with GH deficiency, particularly those with the congenital form, present with cardiac atrophy and significant impairment of cardiac performance and exercise capacity [3]. Epidemiologic studies have shown that GH deficiency is associated with a high incidence of cardiovascular mortality, mostly due to heart failure [4]. In single case reports, GH deficiency was associated with severe dilated cardiomyopathy, which was unresponsive to conventional therapy but successfully treated with replacement therapy [5–7].

Clinical studies of GH's role in cardiac physiology are intersecting with experimental . . . [Full Text of this Article]


   2 The heart in clinical models of GH deficiency and excess
 
2.1 GH deficiency
2.2 GH excess

   3 Mechanisms of GH interaction with the heart
 
3.1 Cellular and molecular mechanisms
3.2 GH and ventricular geometry
3.3 GH and myocardial contractility
3.4 Indirect effects

   4 GH and IGF-I in the treatment of heart failure
 
4.1 Experimental models
4.2 Clinical studies

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