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Cardiovascular Research 1997 33(1):25-30; doi:10.1016/S0008-6363(96)00183-6
© 1997 by European Society of Cardiology
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Copyright © 1997, European Society of Cardiology

Raynaud's phenomenon

Jill Belch

Department of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK

Received 2 January 1996; accepted 14 July 1996

KEYWORDS Raynaud's phenomenon; Vasospasm; Infection; Inflammation; Sympathetic nervous system

The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below.


   1. Introduction and spectrum of Raynaud's phenomenon
 
Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) may affect as many 20–30% of young women [1] and have an overall prevalence in the population of approximately 10% [2]. In the UK RP is the blanket term used to describe any form of cold related vasospasm and can be further subdivided into Raynaud's syndrome (RS) where there is an associated disorder and primary Raynaud's disease (RD) where there is not. In the USA the terminology most used is primary RP and secondary RP. Australasia uses RP and RS interchangeably and thus care must be taken with literature comparisons to ensure the different terminologies are used in a standard fashion. Most workers define their population in terms of CTD association, otherwise at the start of each paper and until a standard nomenclature is accepted, this practice should continue. By far the largest group of patients presenting to their primary care physician are those with the . . . [Full Text of this Article]


   2. Characteristics of vasospasm
 

   3. Pathophysiology of vascular spasm
 
3.1. Neurogenic mechanisms
3.2. Blood and blood vessel interaction
3.3. Inflammation and immunity

   4. Management of Raynaud's phenomenon
 
4.1. Supportive measures
4.2. Sympathectomy
4.3. Drug treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon

   5. Conclusion
 

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