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Cardiovascular Research Advance Access first published online on May 29, 2008
This version [Corrected Proof] published online on June 23, 2008
Cardiovascular Research, doi:10.1093/cvr/cvn137
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Published on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved. © The Author 2008. For permissions please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

MicroRNAs: novel regulators in cardiac development and disease

Thomas Thum1,2,*,{dagger}, Daniele Catalucci3,{dagger} and Johann Bauersachs1,*

1 Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Universitätsklinikum, Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Josef-Schneider-Street 2, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
2 Nachwuchsgruppe Cardiac Wounding and Healing, Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Klinische Forschung (IZKF), Universitätsklinikum, Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Würzburg, Germany
3 Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Multimedica, Milan 20138, Italy

* Corresponding authors. Tel: +49 931 201 36455; fax: +49 931 201 36664. E-mail address: Thum_T{at}klinik.uni-wuerzburg.de or Bauersachs_J{at}medizin.uni_wuerzburg.de

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous, small ribonucleotides regulating the translation of target messenger RNAs that have been shown to be involved in orchestrating growth, development, function, and stress responses of various organs, including the heart. Muscle miRNAs are mainly controlled by a network of myogenic transcription factors, and throughout cardiac development they fine-tune regulatory protein levels in a spatiotemporal manner. Recent profiling studies revealed that miRNA expression patterns are derailed in both human cardiac disease and animal models of cardiac hypertrophy and failure. Modulation of miRNA expression in vitro as well as in vivo has revealed an important role of miRNAs in regulating heart function, particularly cardiac growth and conductance. Here, we overview the recent findings on miRNAs in cardiac development and disease and report the latest advances in the identification and validation of miRNA targets, which are important for a comprehensive understanding of cardiac miRNA function. Finally, we focus on the development and use of miRNA antagonists (antagomirs) to target miRNAs in vivo, which may translate into novel therapeutic strategies for heart disease in the future.

KEYWORDS MicroRNAs; Heart failure; Cardiac hypertrophy; Dicer; Antagomirs

Time for primary review: 28 days

{dagger} Both the authors contributed equally.


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