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Cardiovascular Research Advance Access originally published online on February 20, 2009
Cardiovascular Research 2009 82(2):212-220; doi:10.1093/cvr/cvp064
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Published on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved. © The Author 2009. For permissions please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org.

Sphingosine-1-phosphate and modulation of vascular tone

Junsuke Igarashi1,* and Thomas Michel2,*

1 Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
2 Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Thorn Building, Room 1210A, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA

* Corresponding authors. Tel: +81 87 891 2099 (J.I.)/+1 617 732 7376 (T.M.); fax: +81 87 891 2101 (J.I.)/+1 617 732 5132 (T.M.). E-mail addresses: igarashi{at}med.kagawa-u.ac.jp (J.I.)/thomas_michel{at}harvard.edu (T.M.)

Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a phosphorylated product of sphingosine, the core structure of the class of lipids termed sphingolipids. S1P is a naturally occurring lipid metabolite, and usually is present at a concentration of a few 100 nanomolar in human sera. S1P has been found to exert a diverse set of physiological and pathophysiological responses in mammalian tissues through the activation of heterotrimeric G-proteins that in turn modulate the activity of various downstream effecter molecules. In blood vessels, vascular endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells express specific receptors for S1P that modulate vascular tone. This article will provide a brief overview of S1P metabolism in the vasculature and will discuss some of the pathways whereby S1P regulates intracellular signal transduction pathways in endothelial and smooth muscle cells, leading to the activation of both vasorelaxation and vasoconstriction responses.

KEYWORDS Vasoactive agents; Lipid signalling; Receptors; G-proteins; eNOS

Time for primary review: 36 days


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