Cardiovascular Research Advance Access originally published online on May 12, 2008
Cardiovascular Research 2008 79(2):279-286; doi:10.1093/cvr/cvn115
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Signalling mechanisms underlying the metabolic and other effects of adipokines on the heart
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Medical Sciences Building, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5C1
* Corresponding author. Tel: +1 519 661 3872; fax: +1 519 661 3827. E-mail address: morris.karmazyn{at}schulich.uwo.ca
Adipokines represent a family of proteins released by adipocytes that affect various biological processes including metabolism, satiety, inflammation, and cardiovascular function. The first adipokine to be identified is leptin, a product of the obesity gene whose primary function is to act as a satiety factor. However, it is now recognized that leptin and many of the newly discovered adipokines produce effects on numerous organ systems including the heart. Indeed, various adipokines including leptin, adiponectin, and apelin exert potent and diverse cardiovascular effects which are mediated by their specific receptors and involve complex and multifaceted cell-signalling pathways. Among these are effects on the heart as well as blood pressure where leptin has been proposed to potentially contribute to obesity-related hypertension. In this review, we focus primarily on the diverse effects of adipokines on the heart and discuss the potential cell-signalling mechanisms underlying their actions. The potential role of adipokines in the regulation of cardiac metabolism and function is discussed. Discussion is also presented on the emerging role, both deleterious and salutary, of various adipokines in heart disease with an examination of the possible underlying mechanisms which contribute to these effects.
KEYWORDS Leptin; Adiponectin; Apelin; Visfatin; Myocardial metabolism; Heart disease
Time for primary review: 20 days
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