Copyright © 2006, European Society of Cardiology
Survival kinases in ischemic preconditioning and postconditioning
The Hatter Institute and Centre for Cardiology, University College London Hospital, Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6DB, United Kingdom
* Corresponding author. Tel.: +44 207 380 9776; fax: +44 207 388 5095. Email address: hatter-institute{at}ucl.ac.uk
Despite nearly twenty years of research into the field of ischemic preconditioning, the actual mechanism of protection remains unclear. However, much progress has been made in elucidating the signal transduction pathways that convey the extracellular signal initiated by the preconditioning stimulus to the intracellular targets of cardioprotection, with many of these pathways involving the activation of a diverse array of survival protein kinase cascades. The powerful protective benefits of ischemic preconditioning have not yet been realised in the clinical arena, not least because of the prerequisite for any preconditioning intervention to be applied prior to the onset of index ischemia, which in the case of an acute myocardial infarction is difficult to institute. In this regard, the newly described phenomenon of ischemic postconditioning, which comprises a cardioprotective intervention that can be applied at the time of myocardial reperfusion, offers a far more attractive and amenable approach to myocardial protection. Interestingly, certain survival protein kinase cascades recruited at the time of myocardial reperfusion appear to be shared by both ischemic preconditioning and postconditioning, thereby offering a potentially common target of cardioprotection. The often disputed roles these different protein kinases play in mediating the cardioprotective effects of ischemic preconditioning and postconditioning are reviewed in this article, and include protein kinases C, G, and A, members of the MAPK family (Erk1/2, p38, JNK and BMK1), the PI3K–Akt cascade, and the JAK-STAT pathway.
KEYWORDS Signalling; Preconditioning; Kinases
Time for primary review 19 days
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  M. Bliksoen, M.-L. Kaljusto, J. Vaage, and K.-O. Stenslokken Effects of hydrogen sulphide on ischaemia-reperfusion injury and ischaemic preconditioning in the isolated, perfused rat heart. Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg., August 1, 2008; 34(2): 344 - 349. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. K. Singla, R. D. Singla, and D. E. McDonald Factors released from embryonic stem cells inhibit apoptosis in H9c2 cells through PI3K/Akt but not ERK pathway Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, August 1, 2008; 295(2): H907 - H913. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. Nishino, I. G. Webb, S. M. Davidson, A. I. Ahmed, J. E. Clark, S. Jacquet, A. M. Shah, T. Miura, D. M. Yellon, M. Avkiran, et al. Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 Inactivation Is Not Required for Ischemic Preconditioning or Postconditioning in the Mouse Circ. Res., August 1, 2008; 103(3): 307 - 314. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J.-L. Samuel, M. C. Schaub, M. Zaugg, M. Mamas, W. B. Dunn, and B. Swynghedauw Genomics in cardiac metabolism Cardiovasc Res, July 15, 2008; 79(2): 218 - 227. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Bertrand, S. Horman, C. Beauloye, and J.-L. Vanoverschelde Insulin signalling in the heart Cardiovasc Res, July 15, 2008; 79(2): 238 - 248. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Feng, M. Zhu, M. C. Schaub, P. Gehrig, B. Roschitzki, E. Lucchinetti, and M. Zaugg Phosphoproteome analysis of isoflurane-protected heart mitochondria: phosphorylation of adenine nucleotide translocator-1 on Tyr194 regulates mitochondrial function Cardiovasc Res, July 2, 2008; (2008) cvn161v2. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Ye, J. D. Martinez, R. J. Perez-Polo, Y. Lin, B. F. Uretsky, and Y. Birnbaum The role of eNOS, iNOS, and NF-{kappa}B in upregulation and activation of cyclooxygenase-2 and infarct size reduction by atorvastatin Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, July 1, 2008; 295(1): H343 - H351. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Suleman, S. Somers, R. Smith, L. H. Opie, and S. C. Lecour Dual activation of STAT-3 and Akt is required during the trigger phase of ischaemic preconditioning Cardiovasc Res, July 1, 2008; 79(1): 127 - 133. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Jaffe, T. Charron, G. Puley, A. Dick, and B. H. Strauss Microvascular Obstruction and the No-Reflow Phenomenon After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Circulation, June 17, 2008; 117(24): 3152 - 3156. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. N. Jackson, S. D. Larson, S. R. Silva, P. G. Rychahou, L. A. Chen, S. Qiu, S. Rajaraman, and B. M. Evers PI3K/Akt activation is critical for early hepatic regeneration after partial hepatectomy Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, June 1, 2008; 294(6): G1401 - G1410. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Q. Yu, T. Nguyen, M. Ogbi, R. W. Caldwell, and J. A. Johnson Differential loss of cytochrome-c oxidase subunits in ischemia-reperfusion injury: exacerbation of COI subunit loss by PKC-{varepsilon} inhibition Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, June 1, 2008; 294(6): H2637 - H2645. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Riad, S. Jager, M. Sobirey, F. Escher, A. Yaulema-Riss, D. Westermann, A. Karatas, M. M. Heimesaat, S. Bereswill, D. Dragun, et al. Toll-Like Receptor-4 Modulates Survival by Induction of Left Ventricular Remodeling after Myocardial Infarction in Mice J. Immunol., May 15, 2008; 180(10): 6954 - 6961. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. J. Clarke, I. Khaliulin, M. Das, J. E. Parker, K. J. Heesom, and A. P. Halestrap Inhibition of Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore Opening by Ischemic Preconditioning Is Probably Mediated by Reduction of Oxidative Stress Rather Than Mitochondrial Protein Phosphorylation Circ. Res., May 9, 2008; 102(9): 1082 - 1090. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Huhn, A. Heinen, N. C. Weber, M. W. Hollmann, W. Schlack, and B. Preckel Hyperglycaemia blocks sevoflurane-induced postconditioning in the rat heart in vivo: cardioprotection can be restored by blocking the mitochondrial permeability transition pore Br. J. Anaesth., April 1, 2008; 100(4): 465 - 471. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Heidbreder, A. Naumann, K. Tempel, P. Dominiak, and A. Dendorfer Remote vs. ischaemic preconditioning: the differential role of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways Cardiovasc Res, April 1, 2008; 78(1): 108 - 115. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Garcia-Dorado, J. Vinten-Johansen, and H. M. Piper Bringing preconditioning and postconditioning into focus Cardiovasc Res, May 1, 2006; 70(2): 167 - 169. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|