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Cardiovascular Research 2005 67(4):583-593; doi:10.1016/j.cardiores.2005.06.013
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Copyright © 2005, European Society of Cardiology

Expression and regulation of the atrial natriuretic factor encoding gene Nppa during development and disease

Arjan C. Houwelinga, Marcel M. van Borrenb, Antoon F.M. Moormana and Vincent M. Christoffelsa,*

aExperimental and Molecular Cardiology Group, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
bDepartment of physiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +31 20 5667821. Email address: v.m.christoffels{at}amc.uva.nl

The endocrine function of the heart was shown by the identification of a potent inhibitor of renal tubular NaCl reabsorbtion, atrial natriuretic peptide/factor (ANP), in atrial extracts. Since then, Nppa, the gene encoding ANP, has become an important tool for molecular and developmental biologists. Expression of Nppa is an early and specific marker for the differentiating working myocardium of the atria and ventricles of the developing heart. Around the time of birth, ventricular Nppa expression is down-regulated, to be reactivated in response to a variety of cardiovascular disorders. Many aspects of the regulatory pathways that control Nppa gene expression during cardiac development or disease have been revealed. However, several fundamental issues remain to be resolved. Particularly, the regulatory mechanisms underlying the ventricular Nppa expression in the embryonic heart and the reactivation in the failing ventricle remain unclear. Here we review current knowledge on the transcriptional regulation of the Nppa gene.

KEYWORDS Nppa; ANF; Transcriptional regulation; Gene expression; Heart development; Heart disease; Transgenic mice

Time for primary review 29 days


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