© 2003 by European Society of Cardiology
Copyright © 2003, European Society of Cardiology
Reactive oxygen species mediate cyclooxygenase-2 induction during monocyte to macrophage differentiation: critical role of NADPH oxidase
aE. Grossi Paoletti Center, Department of Pharmacological Sciences, University of Milan, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
bDepartment of Cardiac Surgery, Centro Cardiologico Fondazione Monzino I.R.C.C.S, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
*Corresponding author. Tel.: +39-02-5031-8318; fax: +39-02-5031-8250. Email address: susanna.colli{at}unimi.it
Objective: The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between monocyte differentiation into macrophages and cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) expression, based upon the observation that high amounts of this enzyme, colocalizing mainly with macrophages, have been found in human atherosclerotic lesions. Moreover, the hypothesis that reactive oxygen species (ROS) could be important as mediators of Cox-2 expression during monocyte differentiation was verified. Although ROS are known as modulators of gene expression profile, their involvement in monocyte differentiation has not been explored previously. Methods: Human adherent monocytes and the promonocytic cell line U937 were differentiated into macrophages by phorbol ester (PMA). Cox-2 was evaluated in terms of protein, mRNA and activity. Intracellular ROS formation was measured by the oxidant sensitive dye 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate. NADPH oxidase subunit p47phox was evaluated by Western blot analysis. Results: Functionally active Cox-2 is expressed during PMA-induced monocyte transition into macrophages and ROS driven by the NADPH oxidase play a critical role in this event. Conclusion: Monocyte differentiation into macrophages, possibly triggered by unquenched ROS, may contribute to the increased inflammatory response within atheromata.
KEYWORDS Atherosclerosis; Free radicals; Infection/inflammation; Macrophages; Prostaglandins
Time for primary review 24 days.
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