Second window of ischemic preconditioning regulates mitochondrial permeability transition pore by enhancing Bcl-2 expression

doi:10.1016/S0008-6363(03)00358-4

Cardiovascular Research 2003 59(2):297-307; doi:10.1016/S0008-6363(03)00358-4
© 2003 by European Society of Cardiology

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Second window of ischemic preconditioning regulates mitochondrial permeability transition pore by enhancing Bcl-2 expression

Katare Gopalrao Rajesh^a, Shiro Sasaguri^a^,*, Zou Zhitian^a, Ryoko Suzuki^a, Rei Asakai^b and Hironori Maeda^a

^aDepartment of Surgery II, Kochi Medical School, Kohasu, Oko, Nankoku, Kochi, Japan
^bDepartment of Endocrinology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan

^* Corresponding author. Tel.: +81-88-880-2375; fax: +81-88-880-2376. sasaguri{at}kochi-ms.ac.jp

Objective: The second window of protection (SWOP) followingbrief coronary artery occlusion begins at 24 h and may lastup to 72 h and occurs via many unknown mechanisms. We investigatedthe role of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP),a non specific pore in the inner membrane of the mitochondriain this phenomenon. Methods: Ischemic preconditioning (IP) wasinduced in Wistar rats by left coronary artery occlusion (four,3-min episodes separated by 10 min of reperfusion) on day 1.On day 2, ischemia was induced with 30 min of ischemia and 120min of reperfusion in IP and control rats. Results: IP ratsshowed decreased myocardial infarction (MI) area vs. non-IPcontrol rats (15.32 vs. 45.6%). Furthermore, IP rats had preservedcardiac function (heart rate, rate pressure product, coronaryflow and aortic flow) and myocardial ATP (P<0.03), decreasedtissue water content (73.2 vs. 90.6%), increased expressionof Bcl-2, and less mitochondrial swelling, cytochrome C releaseand apoptosis (2.6 vs. 12.4%) when compared to sham-operatedrats. Activation of the permeability transition pore with PTPactivators lonidamine (10 mg/kg body weight) or atractyloside(5 mg/kg body weight) before the sustained ischemia on day 2resulted in complete abolition of SWOP-mediated cytoprotectiveeffects. These agents had no effect on the cytoprotective effectsthat took place during the first window of preconditioning.Conclusion: The cytoprotective effects of SWOP are dependenton PTP activation state and may involve upregulation of Bcl-2expression.

KEYWORDS Ion channels; Mitochondria; Membrane permeability; Preconditioning; Reperfusion

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