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Cardiovascular Research 2002 56(2):235-247; doi:10.1016/S0008-6363(02)00546-1
© 2002 by European Society of Cardiology
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Copyright © 2002, European Society of Cardiology

Collagen degradation in a murine myocarditis model: relevance of matrix metalloproteinase in association with inflammatory induction

Jun Lia, Peter Lothar Schwimmbecka, Carsten Tschopea, Sebastian Leschkaa, Lars Husmanna, Susanne Rutschowa, Florian Reichenbacha, Michel Noutsiasa, Ursula Kobalza, Wolfgang Pollera, Frank Spillmanna, Heinz Zeichhardtb, Heinz-Peter Schultheissa and Matthias Pauschingera,*

aDepartment of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Benjamin Franklin, Free University Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, D-12200 Berlin, Germany
bInstitute for Infectious Diseases Medicine, University Hospital Benjamin Franklin, Free University Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, D-12200 Berlin, Germany

* Corresponding author. Department of Cardiology and Pneumonology, University Hospital Benjamin Franklin, Free University Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, D-12200 Berlin, Germany. Tel.: +49-30-8445-2349; fax: +49-30-8445-4648. pauschinger{at}ukbf.fu-berlin.de

Objective: Myocardial collagen degradation is regulated by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMPs). The possible relevance of MMPs in association with the inflammatory induction was investigated in a murine coxsackievirus B3 myocarditis model. Methods: Hearts from viral infected and sham-infected BALB/c mice were analyzed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR, picrosirius red staining, Western blot analysis, and immunohistochemistry. Results: In viral infected mice, both mRNA and protein abundance for collagen type I remained unaltered. In addition, picrosirius red staining showed the unchanged total collagen content. However, degraded soluble fraction of collagen type I protein was increased. Moreover, the mRNA abundance for MMP-3 and MMP-9 was upregulated, whereas the mRNAs for TIMP-1 and TIMP-4 were downregulated, respectively. The upregulation of MMP-3/MMP-9 and downregulation of TIMP-4 were confirmed at the protein level, and were associated with significantly increased mRNA levels of interleukin 1β, tumor necrosis factor-{alpha}, transforming growth factor-β1 and interleukin-4. Conclusion: The increment of MMPs in the absence of counterbalance by TIMPs may lead to a functional defect of the myocardial collagen network by posttranslational mechanisms. This may contribute significantly to the development of left ventricular dysfunction in murine viral myocarditis. The inflammatory response with induction of cytokines may mediate the dysregulation of the myocardial MMP/TIMP systems.

KEYWORDS Connective tissue; Cytokines; Extracellular matrix; Gene expression; Myocarditis


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