© 2002 by European Society of Cardiology
Copyright © 2002, European Society of Cardiology
AAV-mediated VEGF gene transfer into skeletal muscle stimulates angiogenesis and improves blood flow in a rat hindlimb ischemia model
aDivision of Cardiovascular Medicine, Jichi Medical School, Minamikawachi-Machi, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
bDivision of Genetic Therapeutics, Jichi Medical School, Minamikawachi-Machi, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
cDepartment of Anatomy, Jichi Medical School, Minamikawachi-Machi, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
dDepartment of Genetics, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
uikeda{at}jichi.ac.jp
* Corresponding author. Tel.: +81-285-58-7344; fax: +81-285-44-5317
Objectives: Clinical trials on therapeutic angiogenesis using vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are ongoing, however the benefits of these therapies are still controversial. To establish a more efficient gene transfer method for ischemic diseases, we investigated the therapeutic potential of adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated VEGF gene transfer. Methods: We produced VEGF165-expressing AAV vectors (AAV-VEGF). HEK-293 cells were transduced with AAV-VEGF in vitro and VEGF expression and secretion were examined. We used a rat ischemic hindlimb model and AAV-VEGF was administered intramuscularly into the ischemic limb. Gene expression was evaluated by RT-PCR and ELISA. Six weeks after gene transfer, we measured the blood flow of limb vessels and the skin temperature of limbs. Histochemical examination was performed to illustrate capillary growth. Results: Western blotting and ELISA revealed VEGF protein expression and secretion from AAV-VEGF-transduced HEK-293 cells. VEGF mRNA and protein expression was consistently observed in the injected muscle at least 10 weeks after the injection, while no VEGF mRNA could be detected at remote organs. The mean blood flow in AAV-VEGF-transduced ischemic limbs was significantly higher than in AAV-LacZ-transduced limbs. Capillary density was significantly higher in AAV-VEGF-injected tissues than in AAV-LacZ-injected tissues. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that (1) AAV-mediated VEGF gene transfer into rat skeletal muscles is efficient and stable without ectopic expression, and (2) AAV-mediated VEGF gene transfer stimulates angiogenesis and thereby improves blood flow in a rat hindlimb ischemia model. These findings suggest that AAV-mediated VEGF gene transfer may be useful for treatment of ischemic diseases.
KEYWORDS Angiogenesis; Atherosclerosis; Cytokines; Gene therapy; Growth factors; Ischemia