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Cardiovascular Research 2001 51(4):729-735; doi:10.1016/S0008-6363(01)00322-4
© 2001 by European Society of Cardiology
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Copyright © 2000, European Society of Cardiology

The volume-dependency of parallel conductance throughout the cardiac cycle and its consequence for volume estimation of the left ventricle in patients

L. Korneta,*, J.J. Schreuderb, E.T. van der Veldec and J.R.C. Jansend

aDepartment of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
bDepartment of Cardiac Surgery, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
cDepartment of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
dDepartment of Intensive Care, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands

l.kornet{at}fys.unimaas.nl

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +31-43-388-1209; fax: +31-43-388-4166

Objective: To study the hypothesis that the electrical conductance of tissues and fluids (parallel conductance (Gp)) around the ventricle depends on left ventricular volume throughout the cardiac cycle. Methods: We extended a recently developed method to determine Gp throughout the cardiac cycle. First, we compared the estimates of parallel conductances obtained with the new method (Gap) with those of the conventional one (Glp), both averaged over the cardiac cycles. Secondly, Gap was determined throughout the cardiac cycle and its volume dependency was assessed. Thirdly, the factor {alpha} was calculated as the ratio between stroke volume, obtained by the conductance method using Glp, and that obtained by a thermodilution method. Because the non-homogeneous field was indicated to be the reason for the dependency of Gp on left ventricular volume as well as for the need for {alpha}, we tested whether the hypothesis implies that a correction with {alpha} is not needed if Gp is determined throughout the cardiac cycle. Results: We found a negative linear relation between Gp and left ventricular volume. This relation appeared to be reproducible within each patient. Furthermore, we found that {alpha} deviates from 1 primarily due to the dependency of Gp on left ventricular volume. Conclusion: To obtain stroke volume or to determine absolute left ventricular volume continuously within a cardiac cycle, Gp should be determined throughout each cardiac cycle and if a constant Gp throughout the cardiac cycle is used a correction with the factor {alpha} should be made to correct for a possible influence of electrical field heterogeneity.

KEYWORDS Cardiomyopathy; Cardiovascular surgery; Contractile function; Heart failure; Ventricular function


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