Endothelial function is impaired in fit young adults of low birth weight

doi:10.1016/S0008-6363(98)00197-7

Cardiovascular Research 1998 40(3):600-606; doi:10.1016/S0008-6363(98)00197-7
© 1998 by European Society of Cardiology

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Endothelial function is impaired in fit young adults of low birth weight

Jonathan Goodfellow^a, Michael F Bellamy^a, Sharon T Gorman^a, Moira Brownlee^a, Mark W Ramsey^a, Malcolm J Lewis^a, David P Davies^b and Andrew H Henderson^a^,*

^aCardiovascular Sciences Research Group, University of Wales College of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF4 4XN, UK
^bDepartment of Child, Health, University of Wales College of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF4 4XN, UK

^* Corresponding author. Tel.: +44-1222-744-430; fax: +44-1222-743-500; e-mail: simonsw@cf.ac.uk

Objective: Non-insulin-dependent diabetes, hypertension andischaemic heart disease, with insulin resistance, are associatedwith low birth weight (the ‘Small Baby Syndrome’).Common to these adult clinical conditions is endothelial dysfunction.We tested the hypothesis that endothelial dysfunction couldprecede their development in those of low birth weight. Methods:Endothelial function was measured by ultrasonic ‘wall-tracking’of flow-related brachial artery dilatation in fit 19–20year old subjects randomly selected (blind to the investigatorsthroughout the study) from low (<2.5 kg) and normal (3.0–3.8kg) birth weight subjects in the 1975–7 cohort of theCardiff Births Survey and with no known cause for endothelialdysfunction. Results: Flow-related dilatation was impaired inlow birth weight relative to normal birth weight subjects (median0.04 mm [1.5%] [n=22] cf. 0.11 mm [4.1%] [n=17], p<O.05;0.04 mm [1.5%] [n=15] cf. 0.12 mm [4.4%] [n=12], p<O.05 afterexclusion of inadvertently included ever-smokers). Conclusion:The findings suggest that endothelial dysfunction is a consequenceof foetal malnutrition, consistent with contributing to theclinical features of the ‘Small Baby Syndrome’ inlater adult life.

KEYWORDS Low birth weight; Endothelial function; Hypertension; Diabetes; Atheroma; Coronary artery disease; Insulin resistance

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