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Cardiovascular Research 1998 38(2):316-331; doi:10.1016/S0008-6363(98)00020-0
© 1998 by European Society of Cardiology
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Copyright © 1998, European Society of Cardiology

A review of the actions and control of intracellular pH in vascular smooth muscle

G.L. Smitha,*, C. Austinb, C. Crichtona and S. Wrayc

aInstitute of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
bDepartment of Medicine, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
cPhysiological Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +44 (141) 330-5963; Fax: +44 (141) 330-4612.

Objective: This review is an account of the physiological issues involved in the effects of pH on vascular smooth muscle tone. The following criteria were considered when reviewing the literature: (i) the type of smooth muscle, i.e. either tonic or phasic, (ii) the source of the smooth muscle i.e. pulmonary, systemic, large artery, resistance artery, vein or cell line, (iii) the effects of changing intracellular or extracellular pH alone, (iv) the acute or chronic effects of altered pH (v) the influence of extracellular pH on intracellular pH and (vi) the influence of altered intracellular pH on basal or agonist induced tone. Studies of the effects of pH on the individual intracellular components of vascular tone, specifically sarcoplasmic reticulum and contractile proteins function are considered. Finally, the pH sensitivity of molecular components that contribute to smooth muscle cell tone are reviewed. Conclusions: There appear to be distinct differences in the response of large arteries and resistance arteries to altered intracellular pH which may be based on the different properties of the smooth muscle within the wall of each blood vessel. Similarly, systemic and pulmonary vessels may respond differently, but no systematic study exists to allow a more definitive conclusion. Factors controlling intracellular pH such as intracellular buffering power and sarcolemmal pH regulating mechanisms may differ across the vascular bed and may contribute to some of the differences observed in response to altered extracellular pH. Finally, few studies have examined the pH sensitivity the intracellular processes involved in basal tone and pharmaco-mechanical coupling in vascular smooth muscle. More information concerning these latter aspects of smooth muscle function is required to progress the understanding of the modulator action of pH on vascular tone.

KEYWORDS pH; Arteries; Veins; Smooth muscle; Intra/extracellular ions


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